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Life Science Ch. 2
Life Science Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | one or more sugar molecules |
| cell theory | living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells |
| lipid | large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that forms when a long chain of nucleotides join together |
| macromolecule | substance that forms by joining many small molecules |
| protein | long chain of amino acid molecules |
| cell membrane | protects the inside of a cell from the environment |
| cell wall | stiff structure outside the cell membrane |
| chloroplast | membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food |
| cytoplasm | fluid inside a cell that contains salts an other molecules |
| cytoskeleton | network of threadlike proteins inside a cell |
| nucleus | directs all cell activities and contains DNA |
| organelle | membrane-bound cell structure with a specialized function |
| active transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell's energy |
| diffusion | movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| endocytosis | process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
| exocytosis | process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell wall |
| facilitated diffusion | when molecules pass through a cell membrane using transport proteins |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane |
| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy |
| cellular respiration | series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP |
| fermentation | reaction used to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low |
| glycolysis | process by which glucose is broken down |
| photosynthesis | series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen |
Created by:
mrsgerue
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