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Pre-Ap Biology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
bacteriophage | takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses |
nucleotides | the small units that make up DNA |
double helix | in which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
base pairing rules | t=a c=g |
replication | the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA polymerases | bonds the new nucleotides together |
cell cycle | the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells |
mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
histones | each of your chromosomes is associated with a group of proteins |
chromatin | loss combination of DNA and proteins |
chromatid | one half of a two identical chromatids are called sister chromatids |
centromere | a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched |
somatic cell | also called body cells |
gamete | sex cell- sperm and egg |
homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes- one from father, one from mother |
autosomes | chromosomes that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
sex chromosomes | directly control the development of sexual characteristics |
sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |
fertilization | actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell |
diploid | means a cell has two copies of each chromosomes |
haploid | means that a cell has only on copy of each chromosome |
meiosis | form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells |
gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
sperm | male gamete |
egg | female gamete |
polar bodies | cells with little more than dna that |