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MMBio DNA Ch 2
MMBio DNA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | science of heredity and variation |
| gamete cells | sex cells |
| P generation | parents used in a cross |
| F1 generation | kids of parent generation |
| F2 generation | grandkids of parent generation, kids of F1 |
| Purebred | homozygous for a certain trait |
| Hybrid | kids with parents of different genotypes |
| Gene | section of DNA encoding a protein or functional RNA |
| Allele | variant of the gene encoding trait |
| diploid | two copies of each gene |
| haploid | one allele of each gene |
| law of segregation | equal and independent segregation of alleles occurs during formation of gametes (meiosis) |
| law of independent assortment | different genes assort into gametes independent of one another (one gene does not affect where another goes, random alignment on metaphase plate) |
| incomplete dominance | intermediate between dominant and recessive traits (not red or white but pink) |
| codominance | have both traits present (blood type AB) |
| linked genes | alleles for two different genes assort together (genes on one chromosome) |
| cytology | study of cells |
| cytogenetics | study of chromosomes and cells and their roles in heredity |
| Phenotype | trait expressed physically |
| Genotype | alleles contained in an organism (the code) |
| dominant | allele always expressed when present |
| recessive | allele only expressed when the genotype is homozygous recessive |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for one gene |
| homozygous | two identical alleles per gene |
| unlinked genes | genes on different chromosomes |
| crossing over | reciprocal change of genes between chromosomes that happens in prophase I of meiosis |
| meiotic recombination | same as crossing over, can be used to map genes |
| DNase, RNase, protease | what they used to figure out what was genetic material with bacteriophages and such |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that facilitates the different catabolic and anabolic reactions |
| mutation | changes in DNA sequence, alters proteins which causes a change in phenotype or a disease, increases genetic variability |
| genetic disease | a disease that is connected to a problem in the DNA |
| Autosomal vs. X-linked disease | x linked disease is a problem on an x sex chromosome, while an autosomal is based on a problem in a autosomal chromosome |
Created by:
ksheehy96
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