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GBio CH 4 mitosis
mitosis and the cell cycle
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the phases of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (technically interphase isn't part of mitosis it is the stage before mitosis) |
What are the two stages of the cell cycle? | interphase and mitosis |
Which phase occurs when the nucleus disappears and DNA condenses into chromosomes? | prophase |
Which phase occurs when the chromosomes get pulled apart into their chromatids? | anaphase |
Which phase occurs when the spindle fibers cause the chromosomes to line up in the middle of the cell? | metaphase |
which part of the cell cycle occurs when the cell duplicates its DNA? | interphase |
which phase occurs when the dividing cell splits into two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell? | telophase |
what is it called when the cytoplasm pinches off at the end of telophase? | cytokinesis |
what part of the chromosome do you count to tell how many chromosomes there are in the cell? | the center |
what is DNA called when it coils into the shape of an "x" | chromosome |
what is DNA called when DNA is coiled in the nucleus and doesn't have a specific shape? | chromatin |
A duplicated chromosome has _____ arms. | 2 |
what is one arm of a duplicated chromosome called? | chromatid |
why do cells do mitosis? | to grow new cells, replace worn out cells, or to repair wounds |
what kind of cells in the body are always dividing? | skin cells |
what kind of cells no longer divide? | nerve and muscle cells |
How many chromosomes does as normal human cell have? | 46 |
when a normal human cell goes through interphase and mitosis how many cells will be made? | one cell will split into two |
mitosis creates cells that are genetically _________ to the parent cell | identical |
if a human cell has 46 chromosomes how many chromosomes will be in the cell that it creates during mitosis? | 46 chromosomes |
In which type of cell does this occur: the cytoplasm is divided by a cell plate? | plant cells only |
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? | 23 |
do almost all human cells have exactly the same amount of DNA in them? | yes |
what is asexual reproduction? | a new organism is produced from one organism. the hereditary material in the offspring is identical to the parent. |
organisms with eukaryotic cells asexually reproduce by.... | cell division |
organisms like bacteria (prokaryotes) reproduce by... | binary fission (a type of asexual reproduction) |
what is binary fission? | the DNA (NOT in a nucleus) gets copied and then divided into two identical organisms. |
what is budding? | a type of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from the body of the parent organism |
what is regeneration? | using cell division to regrow body parts |