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OPP Lymphatics
WVSOM -- OPP1 -- Lymphatics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Lymphatic System? | A hollow system of the body that provides slow transit for fluids, nutrients, by-products, toxins and components of the immune system. It is a division of the circulatory system. |
| How does fluid get back to the heart? | Veins AND lymphatics |
| The lymphatic system is a close partner of what other system? | immune system |
| How do white blood cells get from the interstitium back into the system? | Lymphatic vessels |
| What are the two types of fluids that the lymphatic system carries? | Lymph and chyle |
| What carries long chain triaglycerols? | lymph vessels via the thoracic duct |
| What are the components of the lymphatic system?(5) | Tubes, Junctions, nodes, tissues/organs and fluid |
| Are the lymphatic vessels organized? | NO, they are unorganized |
| What are the characteristics of lymph capillaries? (3) | Single layer of flat endothelial cells, no valves and fragile |
| How are lymph capillaries connected to surrounding tissue? | anchoring filaments |
| What are Lymph precollectors? | larger than capillaries, 1-3 layers of endothelial cells with a few muscle cells. There are some one way valves every 2-3mm |
| What are the lymph collectors? | The main lymphatic transporting vessels. Have bicuspid valves with muscular units called lymphangions. They carry lymph to the nodes. They look like pearls |
| What are lymphangions? | muscular units found in the lymph collectors |
| What innervates lymphangions? | sympathetics |
| What are lymp ducts/trunks? | biggest lymph collectors. Theyare the final pathways in the venous system. |
| What is the largest lymphatic vessel? | thoracic duct |
| What does the thoracic duct do? | joins the lymphatic system with the venous system |
| What happens to the space between valves as diameter increases? | distance between valves increases |
| What is the cysterna chili? | RARE! It is an enlargement of the horacic duct |
| What does the right lymphatic duct junction with? | right jugular v. and right subclavian v. |
| What does the thoracic duct junction with? | left subclavian and left brachiocephalic v. |
| What is the area drained by the right lymphatic duct? | heart, right upper body |
| What does the left lymphatic duct drain? | drains left upper body, all lower body and thoracic viscera |
| How many times does the thoracic duct cross the thoracic inlet? | twice |
| What vessel goes into the lymph node? | Afferent lymphatic vessel |
| What vessels leave the lymph node? | efferent lymphatic vessel |
| How many lymph nodes in the body? | 400-700 |
| What are the primary lymph tissues/organs? | lymphocyte production and maturation |
| What are secondary lymph tissues? | lymphocyte storage, antigen destruction |
| What are examples of primary lymph organs? | bone marrow and thymus |
| What are examples of secondary lymph tissues/organs? | spleen, tonsils, peyer’s patches, lymph nodes, vermiform appendix and sometimes the liver |
| What percentage of lymph is water? | 96% |
| What happens if lymph doesn’t move? | we get sick |
| Clear lymphatic fluid is called? | lymph |
| White lymphatic fluids are called? | chyle |
| What is chyle? | triaglycerol rich lymph |
| What is lymph made of? | water, electrolytes, protein, lipids, cells, toxins, clotting factors and body waste |
| What are the two sections of lymph flow? | superficial and deep |
| Where is superficial flow? | just under the skin. NOT directly stimulated by exercise |
| What is deep lymph flow? | muscles and viscera. STIMULATED by muscle contraction |
| What is lymph flow affected by? | interstitial fluid pressure, intrinsic lymphatic pump and extrinsic lymphatic pumps |
| What are intrinsic lymphatic pumps? | lymphangions |
| What are the extrinsic lymphatic pumps?(8) | arteries, diaphragms, respiration, peristalsis, extremity movements, vigorous excise, external compression and laughter. |
| How is OMT used to help the lymphatic system? | as an extrinsic measure |
| What are the five diaphragms? | Tentorium cerebella, occipitoatlantal fascia, cervicothoracic fascia, thoracolumbar fascia and lumbosacral fascia |
| Why are the diaphragms important? | part of the body’s extrinsic lymphatic pumping mechanism |
| What happens if you don’t have lymphatic drainage? | severe impairment to death |
| What is the cervicothoracic fascia? | Thoracic inlet |
| What is the lumbosacral fascia? | pelvic floor |
| What is the thoracolumbar fascia tied with? | respiratory diaphragm |
| How do we diagnose impaired lymphatic flow? | Look for size of difference in limbs, puffiness, stiffness, skin tension, heat, pain, numbness, paresthesia, skin temp, fibrosis and decreased ROM |
| What are the 3 different types of edema? | Lymphodynamic edma, lymphostatic edema (lymphedema), and safety valve insufficiency |
| What is lymphodynamic edema? | LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS NORMAL. A condition of over accumulation of fluid in the body |
| What is lymphostatic edema? | FAILURE OF LYMPHATICS. A condition of inability to adequately remove lymph. Usually high in protein. |
| What is primary lymphedema? | ideopathic |
| What is secondary lymphedmea? | due to known causes |
| What is safety valve insufficiency? | combination of lymphodynamic edema and lypmhedema. It is usually complicated by gradual deterioration of lymph vessels |
| What are lymphatic vessels like in idiopathic lymphedem? | aplastic, hypoplastic or hyperplastic |
| Where does primary lymphedema usually occur? | lower extremity |
| Who usually has primary lymphedema? | females |
| What causes secondary lymphedema? | extrinsic factors such as radiation, surgery, post-inflammation and post-paralysis |
| What is most severe cause of secondary lymphedema? | filarasis. Leads to elephantitis |
| What are the complications of lymphedema? (4) | Infection, cellulitis, cancer, genital lymphedema and complications due to bandaging or other medical or surgical interventions |
| What are Zink’s Fascial patterns? | Common compensatory pattern. |
| What is common compensatory pattern for the occipitoatlantal fascia? | rotated left |
| What is the common compensatory rotation for cervicothoracic facia? | right |
| What is common compensatory rotation for thoracolumbar fascia? | left |
| What is the common compensatory rotation of the lumbosacral fascia? | right |
| How do you treat lymphatic problems with OMT? | Remove restrictions, move the fluid back into circulation. |
| What is the rule of thumb for lymphatics? | release central to distal athen pump distal to central |
| How do you remove restrictions? | treat fascia with myofascial release and normalize autonomics |
| How do you normalize autonomics? | rib raising, suboccipital inhibition and sacral rocking |
| How do you move fluid with OMT? | pump techniques and direct pressure techniques |
| What are relative contraindications for lymphatic OMT? | osseous fracture, acute bacterial infections, certain stages of cancer, severe osteoporosis, DVT and severe CHF |
Created by:
tjamrose
Popular Osteopathic Principl sets