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Ch. 5 Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Heredity the passing of traits/physical characteristics from parent to offspring
Trait a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
Genetics the scientific study of heredity
Gregor Mendel the father of genetics
Purebred the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. They have the same alleles (ex: aa,tt,TT,AA)
Homozygous having the same alleles for a trait (ex: aa,AA,tt,TT)
Gene the set of information that controls a trait/a segement of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Alleles the different forms of a gene
Dominant allele one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters.
Recessive allele is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. Recessice alleles are written with lower case letters
Hybrid an organism that has two different alleles for a trait (ex:Tt,Bb,Rr)
Write heterozygous tall using letters Tt
Put the following in "Mendel Speak" MM MM = homozygous dominant
List the possible alleles for eye color blue, brown, green
Genotype the actual genes a person has for a trait(found inside).You cannot see a person's genotype. They are written with letters
Phenotype the outward appearance of an organism (visible traits). Phenotypes are written with words
Cross a heterozygous brown rat with a white. What is the probability of having white offspring? 1/2 or 50%
Write heterozygous brown X blue in letters Bb x bb
Probability the likihood that a particular event will occur
Put the following in "Mendel Speak" tt tt= homozygous recessive
Write the following in "Mendel Speak" Tt Tt= heterozygous
Punnett square a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Codominace the alleles are neither dominant nor recesive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring
Which of the following is homozygous dominant? Aa,BB,bb,Tr BB
Which of the following is heterozygous? BB,bb,Bb, Tr Bb
Which of the following is homozygous recessive?BB,bb,Bb,Tr bb
Created by: Kusutasd
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