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Biology Category 1
Biochemistry & Cells
Term | Definition |
---|---|
amino acid | a carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins |
biochemistry | chemistry that deals with chemical compounds and processes occurring in organisms |
biomolecule | any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids |
carbohydrate | an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
cell | the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms |
cell membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell |
chloroplast | double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis |
cytoplasm | semifluid materials inside the cell’s plasma membrane |
eukaryotic | an organism whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles |
fatty acids | a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group |
lipid | hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes |
organelles | a structure surrounded by a thin plasma membrane that performs a function in a cell. |