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Final 12/2014 LAHS
Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of science? | investigate and understand the natural world |
| define hypothesis | suggest how or why something happens |
| controlled experiment | set up in duplicate; tests only one variable |
| define homeostasis | maintain internal balance |
| list the levels of organization of living things from small to large | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| define polar | when electrons are concentrated on one side of a molecule, creating a slightly more negative charge |
| define solution | solute particles are dissolved in solvent which is the bulk of the solution |
| What is the best solvent? | water |
| What is an acid? | substance with excess hydrogen atoms |
| What is the pH of an acid | less than 7 on the pH scale (a base is more than 7 and neutral equals 7) |
| What are the 4 organic compounds in animals? | protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) |
| What are the monomers or subunits of a protein? | amino acids |
| What are the monomers or subunits of a carbohydrate? | monosaccharides and polysaccharides |
| What are the monomers or subunits of a nucleic acid? | nucleotides |
| What are the monomers or subunits of a lipid? | fatty acid and glycerol |
| define a chemical reaction | bonds are broken, atoms are rearranged, new bonds form |
| hydrogen + oxygen --> water What are the products? What are the reactants? | product=water reactants=hydrogen and oxygen |
| define optimum | best |
| At what three conditions do enzymes work best? | certain pH, temperature, ion conditions |
| Why are enzymes only needed in small amounts? | Because the are not used up in a chemical reaction, therefore they can be reused. |
| What type of an organic compound are enzymes? | proteins |
| What is it about the shape of an enzyme molecule that allows it to do its job? | enzymes have a specific shape-lock and key model |
| What is a catalyst? | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction (enzymes are catalysts) |
| define denaturation | at high temperature, enzymes unravel and can no longer do their job |
| Where are ribosomes found? | freefloating in the cytoplasm or on endoplasmic reticulum making it rough ER |
| describe the protein structure | proteins are compsed of 20 different amino acids arranged in an infinite number sequences to make thousands of different proteins |
| describe the structure of the cell membrane | semipermeable, 2 layers of lipids with proteins and carbohydrate tails; fluid mosaic; found in both plant and animal cells |
| what the function of the cell membrane | regulates what enters/leaves the cell; acts as a barrier |
| describe the structure of the cell wall | an added layer on the outside of the cell membrane; found in plants only |
| what is the function of the cell wall | protection and support |
| Where are proteins modified, processed and packaged? | Golgi |
| What is the function of cholorphyll? | in plants only-captures sunlight energy and changes it to glucose chemical energy |
| Where is chlorophyll found? | in the chloroplasts of green plants |
| What chemical in a cell is responsible for storing and releasing energy? | ATP |
| define cell respiration | oxygen plus glucose form carbon dioxide and ATP as energy is released from food |
| Where in the cell does cell respiration occur? | mitochondria |
| cells that need a lot of energy will have a lot of these organelles | mitochondria |
| define diffusion | the movement of substances/gases across a cell membrane |
| viruses and prokaryotes(bacteria) are similar because they both have | DNA and RNA |
Created by:
Ferris
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