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1st Semester Vocab

Biology Vocabulary 1st semester

TermDefinition
Homeostasis a balance maintained by all organisms.
Concentration Gradient A difference in concentration between the inside and outside of a cell.
Mitochondria A cellular organelle that carries out cellular respiration.
Synthesis The creation of large molecules from smaller subunits.
HIV A virus that infects the T-Cells in your body.
Immune System A system of organs that work to fight off diseases.
Cell Cycle The steps a somatic cell must undergo to replicate.
DNA Replication The copying of a DNA strand necessary for a cell to replicate.
Mitosis The process in which a somatic cell divides during the cell cycle.
S-Phase The phase during which DNA replicates.
Chromosome A packed structure of DNA that also includes proteins. Humans contain 23 copies of these.
Translation The process in which a sequence of mRNA bases is translated into amino acids.
Transcription The process in which a sequence of RNA is created from a DNA strand.
Carbohydrate Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Source of energy for the body.
Lipid Contains Carbon, Hydrogen,and Oxygen. Stores energy.
Protein Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Used by the body for growth and repair.
Nucleic Acid Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. Found in DNA.
mutation A change in the genetic material in a cell that may have a positive or negative effect on the organism or its offspring.
meiosis A process in which the number of chromosomes in a cell is divided in half. Only occurs in gamete cells (egg and sperm for humans)
Created by: ehokkanen
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