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Chapter 3 Terms
All Terms in Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
| condensation reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
| functional group | the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances; a reaction between water and a salt to create an acid or a base |
| macromolecule | a very large organic molecule usually a polymer composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms |
| monomer | a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer |
| organic compound | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon excluding carbonates and oxides |
| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers or small units |
| carbohydrate | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic sub-unit or monomer of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| amino acido | an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins: a protein monomer |
| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids |
| enzyme | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| lipid | a large non-polar organic molecule including fats and steroids; store energy and make up cell membranes |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids such as fats or oils |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action |
| nucleic acid | an organic compound either RNA or DNA whose molecules are made up of one or two chains nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| deoxyyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain a sub-unit that consists of a sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous base |
Created by:
faithpreston
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