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1st Semester Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | All living things contain at least one cell; cells are the basic units of structure and function of life processes; cells come from other cells of the same kind |
| Unicellular | Monera (eubacteria and achaebacteria); some protista and fungi |
| Multicellular | Plants and Animals |
| Prokaryotes | "Before nucleus" (monera) |
| Eukaryotes | "true nucleus" |
| Plants | Contains chloroplasts and cell walls |
| Animals | Contains mitochondria |
| Cytoplasm | "cell liquid" |
| Mitochondria | provides "mighty" energy |
| Lysosomes | like "lysol"; it cleans the waste form cells |
| Nucelus(w/nuclear membrane and DNA) | control center of the cell |
| Nucleolus | "Little center/nucleus" |
| Homeostatis | maintaining a stable "home environment (ex:TEMP) |
| Cell transport | movement of material in and out of cell membrane |
| Passive | Movement with gradient |
| Diffusion | High concentration to low concentration; depends on permeability |
| Osmosis: Isotonic | "same concentration" |
| Osmosis: Hypertonic | "above" concentration: water moves out, cell plasmolysis(shrivels) |
| Osmosis: Hypotonic | "below" concentration- water moves in , cell cytolysis(swells, bursts) |
| Facilitated diffusion | carrier molecule on cell membrane ( ex: glucose) |
| Gated channels | proteins open and close as needed |
| Active Transport | against gradient, requires chemical energy (ex: sodium-potassium pump) |
| Vesicles | packages too large for cell membrane |
| Endocytosis | "into cell" - swallows bubble (pinocytosis "fluids" vs. phagocytosis "solids") |
| Exocytosis | "exits cell"- bubble produces by Golgi apparatus |
| Levels of Classification | Atoms(smallest)---Molecules---Macromolecules---Organelles---Cells---Tissues---Organs---Organ Systems---Organism(largest) |
| Elements of Life | C, H, O, N, S, P, and trace elements |
| Inorganic Compounds | "non living" compounds |
| Water | multiple hydrogen bonds, cohesion and adhesion(menicus), polar(+/- ends), dissolve things (universal solvent), high specific heat and immiscible with oils |
| Electrolytes | salts or acids, dissolve easily in water, carry electricity, regulate pH (acid/bases) |
| Organic | "living" |
| Carbohydrates | C, H2O; sugars(red in Benedicts solution) |
| Monosaccharide | "one" (monomers) |
| Disaccharides | "two" (sucrose) |
| Polysaccharides | "many" (glycogen, starch(black in iodine), cellulose) |
| Lipids | Non-polar; dont dissolve in water; fats(animals), oils(plants), waxes(waterproof barrriers), steroids(hormones, poisons, venoms), cholestrol, fatty acids(monomers); triglycerides(3 fatty acids attacked to glycerol); TEST by looking for stains on paper |
| Proteins | H,C,O,N- Amino Acids(20 monomers); Dipeptide and Polypeptides; Enzymes( Activations energy + Catalysts "speed-up" reaction of substrates) |
| Nucleic Acids | Store information: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA( ribonucleic acid); Nucleotides(monomer) |
| Common Life Functions | Absorption, excretion, digestion, biosynthesis, secretion, reproduction, response, adaption, energy |
| Photosynthesis | Autotrophs, chloroplasts/chlorophyll |
| Cellular Respiration | heterotrophs, glycolysis/fermentation |
| Aerobic | Needs Oxygen during process |
| Anaerobic | (ATP, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain) |
Created by:
tuohybio1415
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