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Ch. 6 Vocab.
Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-- neutrons, protons, and electrons |
| compound | pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine |
| covalent bound | type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus |
| element | pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means |
| ion | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| ionic bound | electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
| isotope | two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons |
| molecule | compound whose atoms are help together by covalent bonds |
| neutron | particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus |
| nucleus | center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons |
| proton | positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
| van der Waals force | attractive forces between molecules |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
| active site | specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
| catalyst | substance the speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy |
| chemical reaction | energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances |
| enzyme | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
| product | substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right of the arrow in a chemical reaction |
| reactant | substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
| substrate | reactant to which an enzyme binds |
| acid | substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; an acidic solution had a pH less than 7 |
| base | substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7 |
| buffer | mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range |
| hydrogen bond | weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charged between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom |
| mixture | combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition (homogeneous) or have distinct areas of substances (heterogeneous) |
| pH | measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| polar molecule | molecule with oppositely charged regions |
| solute | substance dissolved in solvent |
| solution | homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent) |
| solvent | substance in which another substance is dissolved |
| amino acid | carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins |
| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
| lipid | hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids |
| macromolecule | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| nucleic acid | complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
| nucleotide | a subunit or nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| polymer | large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
| protein | organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms |
Created by:
emarroquin33
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