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Chapter 3 Section 2
Biology vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
| Disaccharide | A sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharide | One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; include starch, cellulose, and glycogen |
| Protein | An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| Amino Acid | Any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins |
| Peptide Bond | The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino and the amino group of another amino acid |
| Polypeptide | A long chain of several amino acids |
| Enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| Substrate | A part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
| Active Site | The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| Lipid | A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids; store energy and make up cell membranes |
| Fatty Acid | An organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils |
| Triglyceride | A lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule |
| Phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| Wax | A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| Steroid | A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action |
| Nucleic Acid | An organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| Nucleotide | In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
Created by:
Sadrian18
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