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Biochemistry

Section 2 Vocab

TermDefinition
Carbohydrate Organic Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom
Monosaccharide A monomer of carbohydrates
Disaccharide When two monosaccharaides combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar
Polysaccharide Complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharide
Protein Organic compounds that are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Amino Acid Proteins are formed by the linkage of monomers called
Peptide Bond In a condensation reaction, the two amino acids form a covalent bond
Polypeptide Amino acids form a very long chain
Enzyme RNA- or protein molecules that act as a biological catalysts- are essential for the functioning of any cell
Substrate The reactant being catalyzed
Active Site The folds of the enzyme
Lipid Large, nonpolar organic molecules
Fatty Acid Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
Phospholipid Have 2, rather than 3, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
Wax Type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain
Steroid Molecules composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them
Nucleic Acid Very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs it's cell activity
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins
Nucleotide Is made of three main components: a phosphate group. a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base
Created by: McLeanE18
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