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Neuroanatomy
neuroterms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Widespread in CNS. Regulates telencephalic activity, critical for the sleep-wake cycle, influences stereotyped movements, In the PNS it is a neuromuscular junction-excitatory for muscle contraction | Acetylcholine (ACH) |
| Located in the midbrain, basal ganglia, amygdala, cortex-involved in movement, motivation, and cognition | Dopamine |
| basic anatomic and functional unit of the nervous system | Neuron |
| cell body that actively synthesizes proteins | soma (perikaryon) |
| shorter and more numerous projections of the nerve cell | dendrites |
| longer single fiber of neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from neuron to other parts of nervous system, glands, muscle. Arise from axon hillock. | Axons |
| the fine filaments seen in neurons through an electron microscope. dense bundles in axoplasm. | neurofilaments |
| end of axon. corresponds to points of contact/synapse | bouton |
| the site at which one axton terminal communicates with another neuron | synapse |
| ratio of solute and water across a membrane | concentration gradient |
| most important neuronal pump; provides energy to a cell along an electrical gradient powered by positively charged ions and negatively charged ions | sodium-potassium pump |
| positively charged ions | cations |
| negatively charged ions | anions |
| relative amount of voltage in an electrical field | potential |
| teh ionic difference across the membrane at a steady state | resting potential |
| a mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical stimulus strong enough to change the cell membrane's potential | adequate stimulus |
| loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell caused by a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior | depolarization |
| buildup of electrical current in the neuron. the neural impulse that travels to another cell body, another dendrite, or another cell's axon. | action potential |
| short-lived depolarizations or hyper-polarizations of an area of membrane. These changes cause local flows of current (movement of ions) that decrease with distance. When this occurs in a receptor cell it is called a receptor potential. | Graded potentials |
| increased production in potential difference across a biologic membrane | hyperpolarization |
| the substance released from an axonal terminal of a presynaptic neuron once the neuron is excited; travels across the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit the targeted cell | neurotransmitter |
| interruption of the blood flow to the brain as a result of occlusive or hemorrhagic mechanisms | cerebrovascular accident |
| glial cell in the PNS that is responsible for forming and maintaining myelin around axons in PNS | Schwann Cells |
| the region wher the cell body meets the axon | Axon Hillock |
| axon that branch off the main axon | Axon collaterals |
| these are areas on the axon that are not covered with a myelin sheeth. The action potential jump from the node to node down the axon | nodes of ranvier |
Created by:
bertaka
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