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BIOL211
Majors Cellular: Biotechnology vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active transport | Movement of a substance to an area of high []. Requires ATP energy. (ie pushing a ball up a hill) (ex: sodium-potassium pump) |
| Cotransport | Coupling of "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient. |
| Crenate state | When an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it shrivels and appears bumpy. |
| Diffusion | Movement of a substance from an area of high [] to an area of low []. Requires no energy (passive). |
| Electrogenic pump | An ion transport protein that generates a voltage across the membrane. |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | This type of endocytosis brings in specific molecules via specific proteins located in the membrane. |
| Exocytosis | Shipping of large molecules out of the cell. Involves fusion of vesicles containing the large biological molecules with the plasma membrane resulting in release into the extracellular environment. |
| Facilitated | This type of diffusion requires the assistance of a transmembrane (integral) protein. |
| Flaccid state | When a plant cell is in an isotonic environment, there is no net energy for water to enter the cell (ie lacking turgor). |
| Fluid mosaic model | A model of the cell membrane which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. |
| Hypertonic/hyperosmotic | High solution []. |
| Hypotonic/hypoosmotic | Low solution []. |
| Integral | Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic region of the membrane (ie they span the entire width of the membrane). |
| Isotonic/isoosmotic | A solution having the same []. |
| Ligands | A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule; usually another one. |
| Lysed state | When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it bursts. |
| OAS (osmotically active substance) | In the diffusion lab, sucrose was the _______. |
| Osmolarity | The solute [] expressed as molarity. |
| Osmoregulation | The ability of an organism to regulate water balance and solute []. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of high water [] to an area of low water []. Requires no energy (passive). |
| Peripheral | Proteins that are loosely bound to the surface of membranes. |
| Phagocytosis | A way of bringing large molecules into the cell via cellular eating. |
| Pinocytosis | A way of bringing large into the cell via nonspecific cellular drinking. |
| Plasmolyzed state | When a plant cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall. |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | This type of endocytosis brings in molecules via specific proteins located in the membrane. |
| Selectively permiable | Membranes which allow some materials to move through readily while others must be assisted. |
| Sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+) | A transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that actively transport sodium out of the cell and potassium in. |
| Turgid state | When the central vacuole of a plant cell is full of fluid (mostly water). |
| Turgor pressure | The force directed against a plant cell wall (1°) after the influx of water and swelling of the cell due to osmosis. |
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scandalouscanine
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