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metabolism
22.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cholecystokinin CCK release triggers the secretion of pancreatic buffers and enzymes, including _____. This enzyme has the same functions as salivary amylase | pancreatic alpha-amylase |
| the arrival of chyme containing large mouths of carbohydrates triggers the release of ____, which stimulates insulin release by the ___ | GIP "gastric inhibitory peptide", pancreas |
| the plasma membrane at the brush border contains the enzymes ___, ____, ___, which break the disaccharides into simple sugars that are absorbed | maltase, sucrase, lactase |
| _____ primarily break down fatty acids for energy, and absorb glucose to build up their glycogen reserves | resting skeletal muscles |
| in most tissues, the transport of glucose into the cell is dependent on the presence of a ____ stimulated by ___ | carrier protein, insulin |
| ____ is the first step in the catabolism of the carbohydrate glucose | glycolysis |
| ____ is an anaerobic process that breaks down a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate though a series of enzymatic steps | glycolysis |
| ___ ATP are gained through glycolysis, whereas ___ are gained through aerobic metabolism in the mitochondria | 2, 34 |
| ____ is an enzyme that attacks triglycerides, breaking them down into mono glycerides and fatty acids | lingual lipase |
| the bolus becomes saturated with saliva containing ___ | lingual lipase |
| ___ break the large lipid drops into tiny droplets, a process called ___ | bile salts, emulsification |
| molecules interact with bile salts in the lumen to form small lipid-bile salt complexes called __ | micelles |
| when a ____ contacts the intestinal epithelium, the lipids diffuse across the plasma membrane and enter the cytoplasm | micelle |
| ____ are water soluble, lipoproteins-lipid-protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids. | chylomicrons |
| most of the chylomicrons released diffuse into the____, which lack basal laminae and have large gaps between adjacent endothelial cells | lymphatic system |
| the chylomicrons enter the bloodstream at the ____, then pass through the pulmonary circuit before entering the systemic circuit | left subclavian vein |
| capillary walls contain the enzyme ____, which breaks down the chylomicrons and releases fatty acids and monoglycerides that can diffuse into the interstitial fluid | lipoprotein lipase |
| ___ absorb the monoglycerides and fatty acids, and use them to synthesize triglycerides for storage | adipocytes |
| The liver releases ____ into the circulation, which deliver cholesterol to peripheral tissues | LDLs "low-density lipoproteins" |
| the LDLs released by the liver leave the bloodstream though ___ or cross the endothelium by ____ | capillary pores, vesicular transport |
| ____ are plasma protein that are released by the liver | high density lipoproteins |
| cholesterol going out to the tissues in ____, and cholesterol retiring to the liver in ____ for recycling or excretion | LDLs, HDLs |
Created by:
btuehara
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