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Chapter 4 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
ATP A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes.
ADP A lower energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group
Chemosynthesis A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
Photosynthesis A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
Chlorophyll A molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in viable light
Thylakoid discs Membrane enclosed compartments containing chlorophyll & proteins
Grana Stacks of thylakoid discs
Light-Dependent Reactions Captures energy from sunlight
Light-Independent Reactions Use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars
Photosystems Protein complexes that capture energy and transfer it to the thylakoid membranes
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Series of proteins that allow for ATP production
ATP Synthase Enzyme complex that makes ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP
Calvin Cycle Uses CO2 and energy (ATP & NADPH) to make simple sugars
Cellular Respiration Releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present
Aerobic Process Requires Oxygen
Anaerobic process does not require oxygen
Glycolysis Process that does not require oxygen, begins to break down sugar; yields 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration
Fermentation Anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue when no oxygen is present
Lactic Acid Product of lactic acid fermentation; causes muscles to burn during hard exercise
Created by: O'Toole
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