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Digestive Lev-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nutrients | Compounds found in the environment that living organisms need to grow and survive. The 6 types are water, fat, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. |
| carbohydrates | A nutrient that the body breaks down into simple sugars. Foods containing these include bread, pasta, candy, grains, rice, cereal, etc. |
| proteins | A nutrient that the body breaks down into amino acids. Foods containing these include meat, beans, cheese, milk, tofu, etc. |
| enzymes | Special chemicals that speed up chemical reactions. |
| glands | The special organs where enzymes are made. Examples include the liver and pancreas. |
| pancreas | A gland that produces the enzymes insulin & glucagon. |
| liver | A gland/organ that produces the enzyme bile to break down fats. |
| peristalsis | The waves of muscle squeezing that move food through the digestive system. Happens in the esophagus, stomach, both intestine, rectum and out the anus. |
| muscle | A type of tissue that can cause movement by squeezing or by pulling on bones. |
| chyme | The watery mixture of food and gastric juices in the stomach. |
| diffusion | When molecules move across a membrane, into or out of a cell. This is what lets nutrient molecules move from the small intestine through the walls of the blood vessels into the blood, for transport around the body. |
| villi | Tiny finger-like projections on the walls of the small intestine, full of tiny blood vessels (capillaries), where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. |
| large intestine | The organ where extra water is removed from the nutrient-free mixture, to be sent back to the body. |
| diarrhea | Condition when too little water is removed from chyme in large intestine; watery feces. |
| constipation | Condition when too much water is absorbed from chyme in large intestine; hard feces. |
| blood | A liquid tissue that transports nutrients to cells, as well as transporting hormones, cellular wastes & special cells to & from all parts of the body. It is red! |
| rectum | The "waiting room" at the end of the large intestine. Feces waits here before being released from the body out the anus. |
| anus | The opening at the end of the large intestine, right after the rectum. Feces is released from the body out of this. The opening and closing is controlled by a ring of muscle tissue. |
Created by:
rhk9
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