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Cells & Biochemistry
Living Environment Packet 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Levels of Organism | cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism |
| Life Processes | growth, excretion, nutrition, transport, synthesis, respiration, regulation, reproduction |
| Excretion | getting rid of waste (ex: exhale, sweat, urine) |
| Respiration | O2 + nutrients = ATP (energy) |
| Synthesis | small to big molecules (ex: glucose -> starch) |
| Metabolism | how much energy you use |
| Homeostasis | balance of body systems |
| Regulation | endocrine & nervous system |
| Heterotroph | ingests food |
| Autotroph | makes food |
| Prokaryote | no nucleus |
| Eukaryote | has nucleus |
| Multicellular | many cells |
| Unicellular | one cell |
| Organ | collection of tissues (large) |
| Organelle | inside cell (small) |
| Chloroplast | where food is produced |
| Chlorophyll | where photosynthesis takes place |
| Cytoplasm | found in between organelles |
| Ribosome | makes protein |
| Rough ER | has ribosomes attached for protein synthesis |
| Smooth ER | produces lipids |
| Golgi Apparatus | stores, modifies and ships proteins |
| Cell Membrane | boundary of the cell |
| Lysosome | breaks down wastes using enzymes |
| Mitochondria | where cellular respiration occurs (makes ATP) |
| Nucleus | holds the DNA |
| Vacuole | storage container |
| Cell Wall | provides a rigid shape for the cell |
| Centriole | aids in cell division |
| 3 elements that make up organic compounds | carbon, hydrogen & oxygen |
| Carbohydrates Building Blocks | glucose |
| Function of Carbohydrates | quick energy |
| Examples of Carbohydrates | glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose |
| Formula of Glucose | C6H12O6 |
| Shape of Glucose | ring-like structure |
| Lipids Building Blocks | glycerole & 3 fatty acids |
| Function of Lipids | stores energy |
| Examples of Lipids | fats & waxes |
| Building Blocks of Proteins | chains of amino acids |
| Function of Proteins | communication, support & movement, helps fight disease |
| Examples of Protein | enzymes, antibodies, hormones |
| Enzymes | catalyst/speeds up chemical reaction |
| Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids | nucleotides |
| Function of Nucleic Acids | holds genetic material |
| Examples of Nucleic Acids | RNA, DNA |
| Disaccharide | a sugar formed when two monosaccharide molecules are joined |
| Monosaccharide | simple sugar such as glucose |
| Polysaccharide | complex carbohydrate such as starch |
| Hormone | produced by endocrine glands - sends messages |
| Antibodies | fights infection against pathogens |
| pH | measure of the amount of acid or base present |
| ose | carbohydrate |
| ase | protein |
| 2 Types of Passive Transport | Diffusion and Osmosis |
| Diffusion | High --> Low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from High --> Low |
Created by:
migliorej
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