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Chapter 20
respiratory system part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Passages of both divisions that carry air to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs make up the ____ | respiratory tract |
| The _____ begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity and extends to bronchioles and a respiratory portion | conducting portion |
| ___ respiratory tract filters, warms and humidifies incoming air-portecting the more delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system and absorbs heat and water from outgoing air | upper |
| _____ respiratory tract conducts air to and form the gas exchange surfaces | lower |
| ___ lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract | respiratory mucosa |
| a pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous mucous cells lines the ____, ___, ____, bronchi and large bronchi | nasal cavity, superior portion of pharynx, trachea |
| the flow of mucus is often described as a ____ | mucus escalator |
| ____ is the underlying layer of areolar tissue that supports the respiratory epithelium | lamina propria |
| respiratory mucosa, with mucous cells and mucus escalator, lines the ____ and the ____ | nasal cavity, superior portion of the pharynx |
| stratified squamous epithelium lines the _____, protecting the epithelium from abrasion and chemical attack | inferior portions of the pharynx |
| a typical respiratory mucosa lines the conducting portion of the ____ | lower reparatory tract |
| in the finer bronchioles, the epithelium becomes ___ | cuboidal |
| gas exchange surfaces consist of _____ | simple squamous epithelium |
| Which type of epithelium lines the inferior portions of the pharynx? | stratified squamous epithelium |
| to pass from the external nares to the internal nares, air flows between adjacent conchae though the _____ | superior middle and inferior meatuses |
| Divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions, formed by the fusion of perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer | nasal septum |
| paranasal sinuses are located where | maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones |
| The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through which structure? | internal nares |
| the ___ conducts air toward the lungs | trachea or windpipe |
| the ____ is the space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose. Its epithelium contains hairs that trap large airborne particles | nasal vestibule |
| inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx though a narrow opening called ____ | glottis |
| ___ cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis | larynx |
| lamina propria contains an extensive network of large and highly expandable ___ that can release heat like a radiator. It can cool and dry air in nasal cavity | veins |
| ___ folds over glottis during swallowing, preventing liquids and food from entering respiratory tract | epiglottis |
| the prominent anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage, which you can easily feel and see is called __ | laryngeal prominence |
| ___ has expanded posterior portion that provides support and protects the glottis | cricoid cartilage |
| Which structure(s) function(s) in the opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound? | corniculate and arytenoid cartilages |
| Which laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are small, long, and curved, and lie(s) within folds of tissue that extend between the lateral surface of each arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis? | cuneiform cartilages |
| when the glottis is open air passing though vibrates the | vocal folds |
| ___ folds help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis | vestibular folds |
| sound production at the larynx is called ____. However clear speech requires ____ which is the modification of sounds by other structures | phonation, articulation |
| after entering the lung the bronchus divides to form ____, which divides to form ____ | secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi |
| each tertiary bronchus branches several times, giving rise to multiple ___ | bronchioles |
| ___ stiffen tracheal walls and prevent its collapse or over expansion as pressure change | tracheal cartilages |
| contraction of the ____ reduces the diameter of the trachea, increasing resistance to airflow | trachealis muscle |
| most foreign objects that enter the trachea find their way into the ___ | right bronchus |
| Each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure? | pulmonary lobule |
| ___ is a meshwork of dense connective tissue that fixes the positions of the bronchi, major nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics | root of the lung |
| each ____ bronchus supplies air to the bronchopulmonary segment | tertiary bronchus |
| the right lung is divided by the ____ and ___ into three lobes: the superior, middle and inferior lobes | horizontal, oblique fissures |
| left lung is divided by the ____ into only two lobes: the superior and inferior lobes | oblique fissure |
| ____ accommodates the pericardial cavity, which sits to the left of the midline | cardiac notch |
| the ___ of the lung is a groove that allows passage of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics | hilum |
| the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory tract are continuous and end in air sacs called ____ | alveoli |
| each terminal bronchiole supplies a single __ | pulmonary lobule |
| the alveolar epithelium is primarily a ____ epithelium | simple squamous |
| ___scattered among the squamous cells and produce surfactant | Type 2 pneumocytes |
| ___ is an oily secretion containing a mixture of phospholipids and proteins that form a superficial coating over a thin layer of water | surfactant |
| the squamous epithelial cells, called ____ are unusually thin and delicate and are the sites of gas diffusion | type 1 pneumocytes |
| gas exchange occurs across the ____ at each alveolus | respiratory membrane |
| the ____ covers the outer surfaces of the lung and the parietal pleura covers the _____ and extends over the diaphragm and mediastinum | visceral pleura, inner surface of the thoracic wall |
| respiratory bronchioles open into regions called ____. It is a common passage that is connected to multiple individual alveoli | alveolar ducts |
Created by:
btuehara
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