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genetics definitions

TermDefinition
Mitosis The process of cell division which takes place in all body cells to enable growth and repair
Meiosis The process of cell division which takes place in the gonads to produce sex cells (gametes)
Chromosome Section of DNA which contains many thousands of genes
Gene Sequence of bases which code for a specific protein or trait
allele alternative form of the same gene
homologous pair of similar chromosomes, one from Mum and one from Dad
Homozygous both alleles are the same
Heterozygous both alleles are different
fertilisation the fusion of two gametes
genotype the pair of alleles that an individual has for a specific trait
Phenotype The physical characteristic of an individual
dominant the form of allele that will always show
recessive the form of allele which can only be shown if it is in a homozygous individual
crossing over the process in Meiosis which allows alleles from homologous chromosomes to be exchanged, thus creating variation
Independent assortment The process in Meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up randomly along the equator, thus creating variation
Created by: simonpatel
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