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Genetics Terms

TermDefinition
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to off-spring.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its off-spring through its genes.
Fertilization The joining of a sperm and an egg
Purebread The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
Gene The set of information that controls a trait;a segment of DNA on a Chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Alleles The different forms of a gene.
Dominant Allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant is present
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is Heterozygous for a particular trait
Probability A number that describes how likely it is an event will occur
Punnett Square A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result of a genetic cross.
Phenotype A organism's physical appearance, or visble traits
Genotype An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait
Codominance A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
Meiosis The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
Messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growth chain
Mutation A change in a gene or chromosome
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