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Genetics Terms

Genetics Terms, duh...

TermDefinition
Heredity The passing of traits parents to offspring.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring.
Genetics The scientific study of heredity.
Fertilization The joining of egg and sperm.
Purebreed The offspring of many generations that have the same trait.
Gene The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosone that codes for a specific trait.
Alleles The different forms of a gene.
Dominant Allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism is heterozygous for a particular trait.
Probability A number that describes how likely it is an event will occur.
Punnett Square A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
Codominance A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
Meiosis The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half.
Messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
Mutation A change in a gene or chromosome.
Created by: Iain Woods
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