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Oral Path II Test 2
Oral Pathology Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are Premalignant lesions? | epithelial dysplasia (abnormal cells before they are cancerous, if they leave the epithelium they are caner) |
| what is Leukoplakia? | white plaque which will not rub off and which cannot be diagnosed as a specific disease (always premalignant) |
| what is Frictional keratosis? | physiologic reaction to physical irritation, not pre-malignant |
| what is the primary etiology of most leukoplakia? | tobacco |
| what is Stomatitis nicotina? | keratotic palate with red dots- not premalignant pipe smokers, inflamed salivary glands |
| what is the mouth lined with? | stratified squamous epithelium |
| what is Hyperparakeratosis? | increased amount of parakeratin on surface of epithelium (no dysplasia) |
| what is Hyperorthokeratosis | increased amount of orthokeratin on the surface of epithelium (no dysplasia) |
| what is most Orthokeratin | most mature type of epithelium with no nucleus in it |
| what is Acanthosis | increase in thickness of epithelium |
| what is Epithelial dysplasia | process the epithelium goes through prior to becoming malignant as determined by cytologic alterations of the cells |
| what is Carcinoma in Situ | worse case for a pre-malignant cell before it becomes cancerous, cells are malignant but still in the epithelium |
| what are the high risk sites for oral cancer? | Floor of the mouth/ventral tongue Lateral border of tongue Lower lip (actinic keratosis) |
| What makes it a non-homogenous leukoplakia? | Areas of redness, ulceration, pebbly, bumpy verrucous areas |
| is Size a predictor of dysplasia? | NO |
| what is Erythroplakia? | red plaque which cannot be diagnosed as any specific disease or condition (always pre-malignant) |
| what is the cancer that arises in the oral cavity called? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| what ages are affected by oral cancer? | Peak age incidence is 50-70 years increasing in age of 70 year olds and 40 year olds women are at higher risker at developing at a younger age |
| do people who smoke cigars or pipes have a decrease incidence of oral cancer? | no, decreased incidence of lung cancer |
| what is the risk for alcohol abusers when compared to smoking? | Risk is greater than 2 pack per day for smokers |
| what constitutes alcohol abuse? | A total of 6 alcohol equivalents per day |
| how much are alcohol equivalents? | One shot (1.5 OZ) hard liquor One glass (6 OZ) wine One glass/can (12 OZ) beer |
| Heavy smoking and minimum drinking has an increase of what for oral cancer | X8 |
| Heavy drinking and minimum smoking has an increase of what for oral cancer? | x23 |
| what are the Factors that degrade the immune system lead to increased cancer incidence | Aging: immune system becomes degraded Chronic nutritional deficiency Disease states Therapeutic intervention |
| what are the genetic defects associated with oral cancer? | Basal cell nevus syndrome Gardner’s syndrome |
| Only ?% of US adults can correctly identify an early warning sign of oral cancer | 25% |
| Only ?% of US adults know the risk of alcohol abuse | 13% |
| Only ?% of US adults have had an oral cancer exam | 14% |
| what does an ulcer look like? | Often with a raised, rolled border Often with a very deep, central crater |
| what are the sites that are immune to oral cancer? | Dorsum of the tongue is very rarely affected Anterior portion of the hard palate is relatively immune |
| what causes Impetigo? (organisms) | streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus |
| what does impetigo look like? | Vesicles that rupture leaving amber-colored crusts |
| if left untreated, strep throat can progress to what? | scarlet fever, rheumatic fever |
| what does scarlet fever look like? | Skin rash, palatal petechiae, “strawberry tongue” |
| what does Rheumatic fever involve? | Affects heart, joints (Rheumatoid arthritis), central nervous system |
| what organism causes tuberculosis? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| what does scrofula mean? | Lymph node involvement |
| where is tuberculosis found in the oral cavity? | Tongue and palate have ulcerations |
| what is Actinomyces israelii? | Normal inhabitants of oral cavity, only becomes a disease if it is allowed to grow in an area with a history of surgery |
| what does Actinomyces israelii look like? | yellow “sulphur granules” |
| what organism causes syphilis? | Treponema Pallidum |
| what is the incidence of syphilis in the united states? | In the united states there is a 100X incidence compared to the rest of the world |
| What are the stages of syphilis? | primary:chancre secondary: mucous patch generally on hands and feet latent: nothing tertiary: gumma |
| what is gumma in tertiary stage of syphilis characterized by? | Chronic inflammation that destroys tissue Atrophic glossitis: dorsal tongue covered by white film (syphilitic leukoplakia) |
| what is the Hutchinson Triad in congenital syphilis? | Screwdriver shaped “Hutchinson’s incisors” Mulberry molars |
| what is Pericoronitis? | Inflammation of the mucosa around the crown of a partially erupted or impacted tooth |
| what is Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis? | bone becomes dense in certain areas |
| what are the Predisposing conditions for candidias? | Antibiotic therapy Cancer chemotherapy Corticosteroid therapy Dentures Diabetes mellitus Pregnancy Iron deficiency Newborns Advanced malignancy Xerostomia Other immunocompromised states (HIV/AIDS |
| what are the conditions of Pseudomembranous candidiasis? | can be wiped off, burning sensation or metallic taste |
| what is Chronic atrophic candidiasis? | Denture stomatitis, follows the outline of the prosthesis, red lesion |
| what is the Only fungal organism associated with pre-malignancy | Chronic hyperplastic |
| what is Median rhomboid glossitis | Erythematous, rhomboid (diamond shaped) area at midline of dorsal tongue |
| what type of virus is the human papiloma virus? | DNA virus |
| what are the three most common forms of human papiloma virus? | Verruca vulgaris, Papilloma, Condyloma acuminatum |
| what type of virus is the Condyloma acuminatum | STD |
| what virus is associated with the common wart? | human papilloma virus, verruca vulgaris |
| what are Koilocytes | HPV viral alteration, clearing out of cytoplasm |
| what do Papillomas look like? | White/red/normal color “cauliflower” shaped exophytic nodule |
| what do Condyloma acuminatum look like | Pink exophytic mass with short, blunted surface projections |
| what population is Heck’s disease most found in | in Native Americans and Eskimos |
| HHV 1 usually causes... | oral lesions |
| HHV 2 usually causes... | genital lesions |
Created by:
Chobchi
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