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Genetics
Genetics in science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. |
| Purebred | the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
| Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| Offspring | The child of an organism |
| Gene | the set of information that controls a trait. |
| Alleles | The different forms of a gene |
| Dominant Allele | The allele that has more power over the other. |
| Recessive Allele | The allele that has less power over the other. |
| homozygous Allele | An organism that has 2 of the same alleles. |
| Heterozygous Allele | An organism that has 2 different alleles. |
| Genotype | The genetic constitution of an individual organism |
| Phenotype | The set of observable characteristics of and individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| genetics | The scientific study of heredity. |
| punnet square | Is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. |
| Codominance | The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring. |
| Fertilizaiton | The joining of an egg and sperm cell. |
| Meiosis | Is the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
| Haploid | Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Diploid | Having two complete sets of chromosomes. |
| Pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
| karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. |
| Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
| Sex chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female. |
| Sex-linked gene | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
| Carrier | A person who has one recessive for the trait bur does not have the trait. |
| Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed. |
| Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed. |
| clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
| Genetic engineering | The transfer of a gene from the dna of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
| Gene Therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with genetic disorder in attempt to correct the disorder. |
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines. |
| sickle-cell disease | A disease where blood cells develop a sickle shape. |
| Hemophilia | A genetic disorder in which their blood clots very slowly or not at all. |
| Down Syndrome | When a person's chromosomes have an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
| Geneticist | A person that studies genetics |
| Genetic counseling | Genetic counselors help couples understand their chances of having a child with a specific disorder. |
| Insulin | Insulin is a protein that people with diabetes need. |
| Genome | Is all the DNA in one cell of an organism. |
Created by:
hmurpy
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