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Unit 2 test
Endospores,Shapes,Appendages and internal structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do some genera of bacteria produce spores? | They are resistant and known for surviving in harsh environments |
| Describe “sporulation” | Spore formation |
| Tetanus is a toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. This species produces spores | true |
| How long does it take to make a spore? | 6-8hrs |
| What induces a spore to germinate? | Lack of nutrients |
| What is the lifespan of a spore? | Eternity |
| Why are spores resistant to heat and many chemicals? | Protein coat |
| Name the two genera which produce spores | Bacillus and Cercus |
| Which structure of a spore makes it resistant to chemicals? | the protein coat |
| How do microbiologists prevent microbial contamination when making media? | the media is cooked for 15 minutes at 120o C and at 15 psi |
| A spore producing bacterial species which causes food-borne infectious disease typically associated with rice dishes is: | Bacillus cereus |
| Endospores are produced by some genera of bacteria. | The reason for making the spore is to survive harsh environmental conditions |
| Which structure of a spore makes it resistant to heat? | a dessicant in the spore |
| What is the signal for a spore to germinate? | the presence of a nutrient such as an amino acid and water |
| Match the following species with the appropriate characteristic: | forms spores; causes botulism |
| Match the following species with the appropriate characteristic: forms spores; causes anthrax | Bacillus anthracis |
| A rod-shaped bacterial cell is called | bacillus |
| One of the genera of bacteria is called Streptococci. The name tells you that the cell arrangement is | chains |
| If a bacterium divides along multiple planes during reproduction, it will appear under the microscope as | clusters |
| A bacterial cell shaped like a comma is called | vibro |
| If a species of bacteria appears as cocci, bacilli, and vibrio in the same field of view, the morphology is described as | Plemorphic |
| A round-shaped bacterial cells is called | coccus |
| When you look for colony characteristics of a bacterial species, you observe a slide of the species under the microscope | false |
| One of the genera of bacteria is called Staphylococci. The name tells you that the cell arrangement is | clusters |
| All spirochetes look | corkscrew |
| Why do some species form chains whereas others form clusters? | how the cell divides |
| For observing shape and cell-arrangement, you use a microscope | light |
| How do you determine colony characteristics | Observing colony on growing plate |
| Movement occurs by a combination of runs and tumbles so the cell eventually moves toward attractants or away from repellants. The part of the movement which is a straight line is called: | run |
| In order for many pathogens to cause disease in the human body, they must first attach to host tissue. For some of the bacterial pathogens, attachment is performed by fimbriae | true |
| Which species of spirochete causes syphilis? | Treponema pallidum |
| When bacteria share genetic information, a copy of the plasmid is moved through a tubular structure into another cell. This tubular structure is called a: | sex pilus |
| The ability to attach to a surface is important for many prokaryotes. One of the structures used for attachment is fimbriae | true |
| If taxis is caused by sunlight, it is called: | phototaxis |
| If taxis is caused by chemical, it is called: | chemotaxis |
| plasmid has the following characteristics | contains the genes for carrying out conjugation, is copied during conjugation, and a copy is transferred from one bacterium to another, in addition, some plasmids contain genes for toxins or antibiotic resistance |
| Some fimbriae not only attach a bacterium to a host cell, but can contract and bring the bacterial cell into close contact with the host cell | true |
| The structure a spirochete uses for movement includes | a basal body, a hook, a filament, outer sheath |
| As the basal body rotates in a spirochete, the entire cell spins. Its corkscrew-like shape propels it through the water. | true |
| Which species of spirochete causes Lymes Disease? | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| If a structure of a microbe is used to cause disease in a host, it is considered a virulence factor. For example, fimbriae are virulence factors | true |
| Fimbriae are miniature flagellum. Combined, the fimbriae on a cell surface move together to propel a bacterium through its environment | false |
| Fimbriae attachment is nonspecific. This means that the fimbriae on any bacterium can attach to any cell type in the human body | false |
| Prokaryote flagellum have the following characteristics: | components include a basal body, hook and filament, components rotate like an outboard motor |
| Prokaryote movement is not random but it is not in a straight line | true |
| Mechanically, the basal body is like an electric motor. However, unlike an electric fan which rotates due to the flow of electrons, the basal body rotates due to protons | true |
| Spirochetes use a modified flagellum called a(n) | endoflagellm |
| Tumble | twirl in place |
| Explain how a cell knows which direction to go | Sensory structure detect harmful and beneficial substances |
| Spirochete | Corkscrew motile bacteria |
| Describe the purpose of fimbriae | attachment |
| List the steps of conjugation | Pilus produce bacterium, the end Pilus binds to another bacterium, a copy of plasmid is transferred for 1 bacterium to another thru Pilus |
| What percent of the cytoplasm is water? | 70-80% |
| copy | replication |
| When does replication occur? | during cell division |
| What is a plasmid? (what is it made of?; is it circular or linear?) | circular and made of phosphate Deoxribose nitrogen base |
| What information is sometimes encoded by a plasmid? | virulence factors, antibiotic resistance |
| particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm if living cells | ribosome |
| What is the size of the ribosome found in the prokaryote cell type? | 70s |
| storage from of glucose | glycogen |
| What molecule is linked together to make glycogen | glucose molecules |
| Do humans make and store glycogen? | yes |
| Why would a bacterium have an inclusion which is a vacuole with air | bouyancy |
| The number of nucleotide base pairs which make up a typical bacterial chromosome is | 4 million |
| How many chromosomes does a typical prokaryote cell contain? | 1 haploid |
| true/false Prokaryote chromosomes are found within a double membrane bag called a nucleus | false |
| how many chromosomes does a human cell contain | 46 total 23 different |
| Prior to cell division, the chromosome is replicated. Which antibiotic is used to interfere with replication and therefore kill the bacteria | cipro |
| the number of nucleotide base pairs which make up the human genome | 3 billion |
| what contains the code for conjugation and sometimes include genes for toxins and antibiotics | plasmid |
| Similar to humans, bacteria store glucose in the form of glycogen. In humans glycogen is stored in the liver. in bacterium it is stored where | inclusion |
| bacterial ribosomes are | the same size as ribosomes found in a mitochondria or chloroplast |
| when are plasmids replicated by a cell | during cell division and as part of conjugation |
| True/false all prokaryote cells must have plasmid or they will die | false |
| Examples of an antimicrobial which interferes with protein synthesis include all of the following | tetracycline, aminoglycosides, erythromycin and streptomycin |
| True/false: function of the chromosome is to provide info for making a copy of an organism, it does not carry out any of the cell activities, but it codes for enzymes that do | true |
| besides the internal organelles, the inside of the ell contains cytoplasm which is 70-80% water, various substances are dissolved in the cytoplasm to account for the rest | true |
| True/ False: all prokaryote cells must have a chromosome or they will die | true |
| A 70S ribosome is composed of 2 subunits these include | 30s and 50s |
| size of ribosome in rough ER | 80s |
| size of ribosome in chloroplasts and mitochondria | 70s |
Created by:
bennetta78
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