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Ch. 18 Vocab

Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Bacteria microscopic prokaryotes most are beneficial to humans and to the environment but a small percentage can cause disease
Nucleoid area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large circular chromosome
Capsule polysaccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes that prevents the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces
Pilus hairlike, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells
Binary fission asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divided into two genetically identical cells
Conjugation form of reproduction sued by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material
Endospore dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions
Virus nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own has a nucleic acid core a protein coat and can invade cells and alter cellular function
Capsid outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus
Lytic clycle viral replication process, genetic material enters the host cell cytoplasm, the cell replicates the DNA or RNA and the host cell is told to make capsids and make new viral particles which leave the cell
Lysogenic cycle viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into the host cells chromosome may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses
Retrovirus RNA virus such as HIV with reverse transcriptase in its core
Prion protein that can cause infection or disease
Created by: katiejones96
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