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68C Med. Term. A&PII
68C Medical Terminology A&P II Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abduction (Skeletal System Vocab) | moving away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction (Skeletal System Vocab) | moving toward the midline of the body |
| Articular cartilage (Skeletal System Vocab) | A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis |
| Circumduction (Skeletal System Vocab) | the process of moving the distal end of a body part in a circular path |
| Compact bone (Skeletal System Vocab) | dense bone |
| Diaphysis (Skeletal System Vocab) | shaft of a long bone |
| Endosteum (Skeletal System Vocab) | a fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
| Epiphyseal plate (Skeletal System Vocab) | the cartilage plate that is between the epiphysis and the diaphysis and allows growth to occur; sometimes referred to as a growth plate |
| Epiphyses (Skeletal System Vocab) | the ends of the bone |
| Extension (Skeletal System Vocab) | Increasing the angle between two bones at a joint |
| Flexion (Skeletal System Vocab) | act of bending; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint |
| Fontanel (Skeletal System Vocab) | “soft spots” on the infant’s head; unossified areas in the infant skull |
| Hematopoiesis (Skeletal System Vocab) | blood cell formation |
| Medullary cavity (Skeletal System Vocab) | The hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow |
| Olecranon Fossa (Skeletal System Vocab) | a large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus |
| Osteoblasts (Skeletal System Vocab) | bone-forming cells |
| Osteoclasts (Skeletal System Vocab) | bone absorbing cells |
| Osteocytes (Skeletal System Vocab) | Living bone cells |
| Osteon (Skeletal System Vocab) | structural unit of compact bond tissue made up of concentric layers (lamellae) of hard bone matrix and bone cells; also called Haversian system |
| Periosteum (Skeletal System Vocab) | tough connective tissue covering the bone |
| Sinus (Skeletal System Vocab) | a space or cavity inside some of the cranial bones |
| Spongy bone (Skeletal System Vocab) | porous bone in the end of the long bone; may be filled with marrow |
| Suture (Skeletal System Vocab) | an immovable joint |
| Actin (Muscular System Vocab) | contractile protein found in the thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle |
| All or None (Muscular System Vocab) | when stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all; whether a contraction occurs depends on whether the stimulus reaches the required threshold |
| Antagonist (Muscular System Vocab) | those having opposing actions; for example, muscles that flex the upper arm are antagonists to muscles that extend it. |
| Aponeuroses (Muscular System Vocab) | broad fibrous sheets of connective tissue |
| Atrophy (Muscular System Vocab) | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy |
| Bursa (Muscular System Vocab) | synovial fluid filled sac located between some tendons and bones, making movement easier |
| Hypertrophy (Muscular System Vocab) | increase in size, structure, or function |
| Isometric (Muscular System Vocab) | type of muscle contraction in which the muscle does not shorten or produce movement; (equal measure) |
| Isotonic (Muscular System Vocab) | produces movement at a joint; muscle changes length |
| Myosin (Muscular System Vocab) | contractile protein found in the thick myofilaments of skeletal muscle |
| Prime mover (Muscular System Vocab) | the muscle mainly responsible for producing a particular movement |
| Sarcomere (Muscular System Vocab) | contractile unit of muscle; length of a myofibril between two Z bands |
| Synergist (Muscular System Vocab) | muscle that assists the prime mover |
| Tenosynovitis (Muscular System Vocab) | inflammation of the tendon sheath |
| Abduction (body mechanics) | movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction (body mechanics) | movement of an extremity toward the midline of the body |
| Alignment (body mechanics) | relationship of various body parts to one another |
| Base of support (body mechanics) | area on which an object rests; a stance with feet slightly apart |
| Body mechanics (body mechanics) | physiologic study of the muscular actions and the functions of muscles in maintaining posture of the body |
| Compartment syndrome (body mechanics) | occurs in the extremities, especially the legs, where a sheath of inelastic fascia partitions the blood vessel, nerve, and muscle tissue, leading to tissue necrosis if not relieved |
| Contractures (body mechanics) | abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation and caused by atrophy |
| Dorsal (supine) (body mechanics) | lying horizontal on the back |
| Dorsal recumbent (body mechanics) | supine position with patient lying on back, head and shoulders with extremities moderately flexed and legs extended |
| Dorsiflexion (body mechanics) | bending or flexing backward, as in upward bending of the fingers, wrists, feet and toes |
| Extension (body mechanics) | movement of joint that increases the angle between two adjoining bones |
| Flexion (body mechanics) | movement of certain joints that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones |
| Fowler's position (body mechanics) | a position arranged by elevating the head of the bed 45-60 degrees |
| Genupectoral (knee to chest) (body mechanics) | patient kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest |
| Hyperextension (body mechanics) | extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit |
| Immobility (body mechanics) | inability to move around freely, caused by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted |
| Joint (body mechanics) | any one of the connections between bones |
| Lateral position (body mechanics) | when patient is resting on his/her side |
| Lithotomy (body mechanics) | patient lying supine with the hips and knees flexed and the thighs abducted and rotated externally |
| Logroll (body mechanics) | technique used to turn a patient in bed as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment |
| Mobility (body mechanics) | the ability to move in one’s environment with ease and without restriction |
| Necrosis (body mechanics) | local death of tissue from disease or injury |
| Orthopnea (body mechanics) | the ability to breathe only in the upright position |
| Orthopneic (body mechanics) | pertains to the posture assumed by the patient sitting up in bed at a 90 degree angle |
| Physical disuse syndrome (body mechanics) | a state in which an individual is at risk for deterioration of body systems as the result of prescribed or unavoidable inactivity |
| Pivot (body mechanics) | turn or change of direction with your feet while remaining in a fixed place |
| Pressure ulcer (body mechanics) | an ulcer that forms from a local interference with circulation |
| Pronation (body mechanics) | palm of the hand turned down |
| Prone position (body mechanics) | when the patient is lying face down |
| Range of motion (body mechanics) | normal movement that any given joint is capable of making. Any body action involving the muscles joints and natural directional movement |
| Semi-Fowler's position (body mechanics) | position arranged by elevating the head of the bed approximately 30 degrees |
| Shearing force (body mechanics) | an applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin. (Def in Ch. 18 Hygiene and Skin, p. 448, Foundations) |
| Sim's position (body mechanics) | patient lies on on left side, partially on abdomen, with right knee and thigh drawn upward toward chest |
| Supination (body mechanics) | the act of turning the palm of the hand forward or upward |
| Supine position (body mechanics) | resting on back |
| Apocrine gland (Integumentary System Vocab) | type of gland whose secretions contain parts of secretory cells |
| Arrector pili muscle (Integumentary System Vocab) | smooth muscle in skin associated with a hair follicle |
| Basement membrane (Integumentary System Vocab) | layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue. |
| Collagen (Integumentary System Vocab) | protein in connective tissue and in bone matrix |
| Cutaneous (Integumentary System Vocab) | pertaining to the skin |
| Dermis (Integumentary System Vocab) | thick layer of the skin beneath the epidermis |
| Eccrine (Integumentary System Vocab) | sweat gland that maintains body temperature |
| Epidermis (Integumentary System Vocab) | outer stratified squamous epithelial layer of the skin |
| Hair follicle (Integumentary System Vocab) | tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops |
| Integumentary system (Integumentary System Vocab) | the skin and accessory organs |
| Keratin (Integumentary System Vocab) | protein in epidermis, hair and nails |
| Keratinization (Integumentary System Vocab) | process by which cells form fibrils of keratin protein and harden |
| Melanin (Integumentary System Vocab) | dark pigment normally found in skin and hair |
| Melanocytes (Integumentary System Vocab) | melanin-producing cell |
| Sebaceous gland (Integumentary System Vocab) | skin gland that secretes sebum |
| Subcutaneous (Integumentary System Vocab) | beneath the skin |
| Sweat (sudoriferous) gland (Integumentary System Vocab) | exocrine gland in skin that secretes a mixture of water, salt, urea and other bodily wastes |
| Bedpan (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | device for receiving feces and urine from either male or female patients confined to bed |
| Canthus (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | corner of the eye |
| Cerumen (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | ear wax |
| Chux (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | waterproof pads |
| Circumorbital (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | circular area around the eye |
| Dentures (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | artificial teeth |
| Diaphoresis (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | sweating |
| Erythema (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | redness |
| Hygiene (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | science of health; care of the skin, hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, back and perineum |
| Medical Asepsis (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | clean technique |
| Microorganism (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | tiny plants and animals seen through the microscope |
| Oral hygiene (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | care of the oral cavity that helps maintain a healthy state of the mouth, teeth, gums and lips. |
| Pathogenic (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | disease-producing microorganisms |
| Perineal care (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | care of the genitals |
| Prone (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | lying on the abdomen |
| Range of Motion (ROM) (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | normal movement that any joint is capable of making |
| Sim's' Position (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | side lying |
| Supine (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | lying face up |
| Syncope (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | fainting |
| Urinal (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | device for collecting urine |
| Vertigo (Skin & Hygiene Vocab) | dizziness |
| Threshold Stimulus (Muscular System) | the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract |
| Twitch (Muscular System) | contractions that are a quick, jerky movement and do not play a significant role in normal muscular activity; they are a single contraction of muscle fibers caused by a single threshold stimulus |
| Tetanic contractions (Muscular System) | Sustained and steady muscular contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession |
| 4 Abdominal Muscles (Muscular System) | External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis, Rectus Abdominis |
| 3 Hamstring Muscles (Muscular System) | Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris |
| 4 Quadricep Muscles (Muscular System) | Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius |
| 4 Types of Bones (Skeletal System) | Long, short, flat, irregular |
| 2 Types of Bone Formation/Growth (Skeletal System) | Intramembranous, Endochondral |
| 3 Types of Ribs (Skeletal System) | True ribs- 7 rib pairs False ribs- 5 rib pairs Floating ribs- Rib pairs 11, and 12 |
| Sternum, and its 3 portions (Skeletal System) | Located midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage Manubrium: The top portion. Body: The middle portion Xiphoid Process: The bottom portion |
| Pectoral Girdle (Skeletal System) | The shoulder bone formation |
| Hand Bones (Skeletal System) | Composed of 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 5 sets of phalanges |
| Carpal Bones (Skeletal System) | Set of bones in the hand that articulates with the fibrocartilaginous disc on the ulnar side, and the radius. |
| Metacarpal Bones (Skeletal System) | Articulates proximally with the carpals and distally with the phalanges |
| Phalanges (Skeletal System) | Articulates proximally with the Metacarpals |
Created by:
mdlavin
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