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Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anti-codon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA |
| codon | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule |
| mRNA | the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome |
| rRNA | makes up portions of ribosomes to aid in translation |
| tRNA | RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome |
| transcription | process of using a segment of DNA in the nucleus as a template to form a mRNA strand that will be used to build a protein |
| translation | process that takes place in the cytoplasm that uses a mRNA molecule and converts the code into an amino acid sequence with the help of a ribosome |
| deletion mutation | part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing resulting in the loss of genetic material |
| inversion mutation | an entire section of DNA, large regions of a chromosome containing several genes, is reversed |
| mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene |
| point mutation | a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence |
| translocation | a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between non matching chromosomes |
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