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Research Meth Test 1
Research Methods Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the definition of research? | continual search for truth using the scientific method |
| what are the purposes of research? | promote oral health contribute new knowledge or reevaluate current knowledge |
| what is the scientific method? | series of standardized procedures to increase the likelihood that gathered information is relevant, reliable and unbiased |
| what are the steps of scientific method? | define a problem pose an answer to the problem (hypothesis) collect data analyze date conclusion regarding the hypothesis accept or reject hypothesis |
| what is the independent variable? | what are you changing Independent variable is the variable you have control over, what you can choose and manipulate |
| what is the dependent variable? | what you are measuring Dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment |
| what is the extraneous variables? | what you are trying to control What you are trying to control so you aren’t comparing two different things |
| what is the research process? | critically valuate what has been done and researched build a case for why the research needs to be done hypothesis in null form research design methods, data collection, analysis, conclusions |
| what is fundamental research? | simply for the sake of knowledge |
| what is applied research? | to solve or resolve a problem has a clinical application |
| what is epidemiology research? | studies health related states in population |
| what is a prevalence study in epidemiology? | number of cases at a specific point in time |
| what is a incidence study in epidemiology? | number of new case over a period of time |
| what is an observational study? | no intervention by the experimenter may establish an association or correlation between two factors: not cause and effect |
| what is a case study? | one individual who has interesting case |
| what is a cross sectional study? | one point in time Looking at a population at one point in time |
| what is a case control study? | Looking back at something such as faulty implants and what happened to them |
| what is a cohort study? | Looking forward, over an extended amount of time |
| what is an experimental research study? | investigator manipulates one or more independent variable observes the dependent variable to determine effect of independent variable |
| what are the purposes of experimental study? | investigate cause and effect generalize findings to a related setting outside of the experimental setting |
| which study has a high probability of assessing causality? | experimental |
| what review has the highest level of evidence? | systematic reviews |
| what are the features of a good design | maximize objectivity, min bias controls errors max occurrence of variables under study guides the selection of stat methods provides for meaningful interpretation |
| what does X mean | experimental or independent variable |
| what does Y mean | dependent variable measure |
| what does Y1 mean | measurement prior to X, baseline |
| what does Y2 mean | measurement after X |
| what does R mean | use of random selection for sample groups |
| what does C mean | control group |
| what does E mean | experimental group |
| what is the one group pretest-posttest design | Give group a pretest before a lecture, give the lecture, give the group a post test to measure how much you know Does not control for those who might know some information before hand |
| what is one group time series design? | time series design, measures over time |
| what is randomized subjects pretest-posttest design? | most common research design Pretest, experiment or no experiment for control, posttest data |
| what is randomized subjects posttest only design | Eliminates pre test effect, just do therapy and posttest Pretest can actually skew the posttest because people learn from it |
| what is the solomon three group design? | Addition of a third group of nonpretested people who also receives the experimental treatment. This control group allows the researcher to assess for the pretest and for pretest treatment interactions effects |
| what is the solomon four group design? | Combines the randomized group pretest- posttest design with the randomized group posttest only design |
| what is factorial design | more than one independent arable allows observation of main effects and of interactions |
| what is causality? | experimental designs are most controlled and least biased never established on the basis of one experiment |
| what is internal validity: | the degree to which the independent variable (experimental conditions) brings about change in the dependent variable (what is measured) |
| what is statistical regression? | extreme scores move towards the middle, randomly assign extreme scores to both experimental and control groups |
| what is external validity? | the degree to which the study accurately reflects events which would occur in real situation, the extent to which the research results can be generalized to other populations |
| what is the Hawthorne effect? | not measuring what you want to measure, population is not behaving as the general population would |
| as internal validity increases...what happens to external validity? | decreases application of findings to a real situation may be limited |
| in subject relevant, simple randomization... | does not eliminate variables |
Created by:
Chobchi
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