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Bio: Chapter 24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Speciation | The process by which one species splits into two or more species. |
| Macroevolution | The broad pattern of evolution over long spans of time. |
| Species | A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring. |
| Reproductive Isolation | The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring. |
| Hybrids | Offspring that result from an interspecific mating. |
| Prezygotic Barriers | Block fertilization from occurring . |
| Postzygotic Barriers | May contribute to reproductive isolation after the hybrid zygote is formed. |
| Morphological Species Concept | Characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features. |
| Ecological Species Concept | Views a species in terms of nits ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment. |
| Phylogenetic Species Concept | Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life. |
| Allopatric Speciation | Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations. |
| Polyploidy | When a species originates from an accident during cell division that results in extra sets of chromosomes. |
| Autopolyploid | An individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species. |
| Allopolyploid | A sterile hybrid that is changed into a fertile polyploid by various mechanisms. |
| Hybrid Zone | A region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry. |
| Reinforcement | A process in which natural selection strengthens pre zygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation. Such a process is likely to occur only if hybrid offspring are less fit than members of the parent species. |
| Punctuated Equilibria | In the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change. |
| Punctuated Pattern | In a punctuated pattern, new species change most as they branch from a parent species and then change little for the rest of their existence. |
Created by:
Gianna B
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