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FACS FFL Digestion

JCHS FFL Digestion Vocabulary

TermDefinition
digestion breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption
gastrointestinal tract consists of the body structures that participate in digestion
mechanical digestion food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth
peristalsis rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of the tract
chemical digestion the composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is changed
hydrolysis the addition of water and the resulting splitting, or breaking down, of the food molecules
Catalyst speeds up the chemical reactions without itself being changed in the process
enzymes act on food substances, causing them to break down into simple compounds
bolus food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
salivary amylase the enzyme secreted by the salivary glands to act on starch
esophagus tube leading from the mouth to the stomach
cardiac sphincter the muscle at the base of the esophagus that prevents gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus
fundus upper part of the stomach
pylorus the end of the stomach nearest the intestines
chyme the food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastrin hormone released by the stomach
gastric juices digestive secretions of the stomach
pepsin an enzyme secreted by the stomach that is essential for the digestion of proteins
duodenum first and smallest section of the small intestine
jejunum middle section comprising about two fifths of the small intestine
ileum last part of the small intestine
bile secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and essential for the digestion of fats
large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, and rectum
absorption passage of nutrients into the blood
lymphatic system vessels that carry fat-soluble particles and molecules that are too large to pass through the capillaries into the bloodstream
villi tiny, hairlike structures in the small intestines through which nutrients are absorbed
Created by: sculp2014
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