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Neurogenics Midterm
Flaccid Dysarthria to Mixed Dysarthria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Flaccid Dysarthria? | A weakness/paralysis with reduced muscle tone. Lesion is in the lower motor neuron system |
| What causes Flaccid Dysarthria (medical terms)? | A break in communication between he muscle and nerve synapses |
| What are 2 salient features of Flaccid Dysarthria? | Weakness & Hypotonia |
| What are the 4 confirmatory features of Flaccid Dysarthria? | Reduced or absent reflexes, fasciculations,fibrillations & atrophy |
| Name some causes of Flaccidity | Polio, tumors, trauma, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, toxins, drugs, infections |
| What is Bulbar Palsy? | (Only in Flaccid Dysarthria) Occurs when multiple cranial nerves are damaged |
| Describe respiration in Flaccid Dysarthria | Reduced vital capacity to sustain running speech, not enough air |
| Describe what is happening at the laryngeal level in Flaccid Dysarthria | Breathiness if VF don't full adduct, stridor due to incomplete abduction, aperiodicity(VF don't vibrate at the same time), mono pitch, poor loudness |
| What is happening at the velopharyngeal level in Flaccid Dysarthria? | Hypernasality, lack of air pressure (can't make plosives, fricatives or affricates)--> causes articulation problem |
| Describe the articulation of a patient with Flaccid Dysarthria? | Incomplete contact of articulators, distorted and imprecise articulation |
| What are the 3 distinguishing features of Flaccid Dysarthria? | Hypernasality, breathiness, stridor |
| What are some treatment options for a patient with Flaccid Dysarthria? | Establish respiratory control, increase velopharyngeal closure, strengthening exercises (non speech oral motor), pneumatic exercises(blowing exercises), teach them to prolong exhalation |
| What causes Spastic Dysarthria? | Bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons; lesion in indirect motor pathway |
| What is the salient feature of Spastic Dysarthria? | Spasticity: a resistance to stretch; muscles are stiff move sluggishly in a limited range. They are perceived as weak. Speech is slow and often seems strained but may have bursts of quick speech. |
| What is it called when the muscle is over stimulated? | Hypertonicity |
| What are the 4 confirmatory features of Spastic Dysarthria? | Hyper-reflexive, perception of weakness, limitation of range of movement, movements are slow |
| What is PseudoBulbar Palsy? | Similar to Bulbar palsy, but not the same. Highlighted by slow effortful speech, hypernasality due to a timing issue with velopharyngeal port & lability(inability to control emotional displays) |
| Describe a patients Respiration with Spastic Dysarthria | Reduced inhalation and exhalation volumes |
| Describe the laryngeal level in a patient with spastic dysarthria? | Difficulty abducting VF, no smooth movement-->inhalatory stridor, strained/strangled voice(cookie monster) due to hyper adduction |
| What velopharyngeal feature is seen in patients with Spastic Dysarthria? | Hypernasality due to timing issue/VF closure problems |
| Describe articulation in a patient with spastic dysarthria | Incomplete articulatory contacts, slow rate, silent dead spots in speech, perception of reduced strength, prolonged words/syllables |
| What are some therapy techniques for spastic dysarthria? | Facilitate airflow using breathy sigh, prolonged CV-->prolonged CVC |
| What is the overall goal for therapy of spastic dysarthria? | Functional intelligible speech and to avoid stimulating a spastic reaction |
| What causes upper motor neuron unilateral dysarthria? | Occurs due to small stroke or tumor; complicated by high occurrence of aphasia |
| What are some deviant symptoms of a patient with unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria? | Complaints of slurred speech, trouble controlling saliva, weak tongue/tongue feels heavy, increased muscle tone, spasticity, hypertonia on one side of the body |
| Describe the phonation of a person with unilateral UMN dysarthria? | Mild hoarseness and decrease in volume, possible hypernasality, slow AMR's, unpredictable articulation breakdown, slow rate |
| What are some confirmatory signs of unilateral UMN dysarthria? | Hemiparesis,hemiplegia, |
| What is another name for Ataxic Dysarthria? | Cerebellar Dysarthria |
| Where is the site of lesion for Ataxic Dysarthria? | Always have damage in cerebellum or cerebellar pathways |
| What is the cerebellum responsible for? | Modulates and coordinates activities between the upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron system |
| What is one salient feature of Ataxic Dysarthria? | People think they are drunk |
| What does cerebellar damage also effect? | Balanace, equillibruim, limb coordination, classic ataxic gait(wider when walking) |
| What are some symptoms of Ataxic Dysarthria? | Innacuracy in movement, slowness(trying to compensate), hypotonic sometimes, disturbed diadokokinesis, dysmetria(overshoot/undershoot), nystagmus(uncontrollable beating of the eyes) |
| What is dysmetria? | When a person doesn't have a proper way to measure out distance (i.e.:knock over a cup) |
| What is nystagmus? | Uncontrollable beating of the eyes |
| What are some issues in the phonation of patients with ataxic dysarthria? |
Created by:
superpuza
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