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DA 160
Chapters 5-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Film badge | Aka, Docimeter badge; used to measure levels of radiation |
| Filtration | Absorbing materials for removing low energy xrays from primary bean |
| Inherent filters | When primary beam passes through glass window of xray tube, insulating oil and tubehead |
| Added filters | Aluminum disc inserted in xray machine; absorbs low energy xrays |
| Lead apron/thyroid collar | Shields patient from scatter rays. |
| MAD | Maximum Accumulated Dose; lifetime max radiation dose for those in radiology field |
| Extraoral film | xrays/films take from outside mouth |
| Introral film | xrays/films taken inside mouth |
| Adhesive layer | Thin layer that covers both sides, allows emulsion to adhere to base |
| Bite wing radiograph | Antagonist/Occlusal surface image/xray; showing bite of maxillary & mandibular |
| Cephalometric | Aka Ceph; shows bony soft tissue areas of facial profile. Side profile - TMJ, spine, neck and skull. Use din ortho to measure growth |
| Occulsal | Top surface, biting surface of posterior teeth |
| Panoramic | Wide view |
| Film base | Actual film, flexible plastic |
| Film emulsion | Made of gelatin; coating on both sides of film base; gives film greater sensitivity & shortens exposure time |
| Gelatin | Absorbs and disperse silver halide crystals over film base during processing |
| Silver Halide Crystals/Silver Iodide/Silver Bromide | Chemical that absorbs radiation during xray exposure; small crystals require more radiation=better resolution / large crystals=less radiation |
| Identification dot | Perforated impression/bubble on film; Faces up. |
| Image | Picture |
| Interproximal | In between teeth. |
| Latent image | Stores energy from radiation; Denser objects - more energy absorbed, lighter it appears. Less dense - appear darker |
| Lead foil sheet | Tin foil sheets inside film pouch; stops xray beams from going through. |
| Intensifying screens | Used to get better images but intensifies x-rays |
| Scale of contrast | Range of useful densities seen on a radiograph |
| Object to film distance | Distance between film and object when taking xrays |
| Target to film distance | Distance of PID to film |
| Distortion | Variation in true size and shape of the object being radiographed |
| Focal Spot | small area converts bombarding electrons into xray photons |
| Magnification | Image appears larger that normal; making image larger |
| Movement | Not staying still; changing positions from original position |
| Penumbra | Un-sharpness or blurring of the edges of radiograph image |
| Radiolucent | Dark or black images on xray; lucent=dark or black |
| Radiopaque | White images on xray; Opaque=white or light |
| Stepwedge | Device used to demonstrate short scale contrast and long scale contrast; looks like a stair case |
| Subject thickness | Size and density of patient will depend on adjustments of kVp & mA (Killovoltage peak and Millamperage |
| Overlapping | 2 films come in contact with each other |
| Foreshortening | Image shows teeth shorter than they are; resulting from excessive vertical angulation |
| Double exposure | Excessive development time, inaccurate timer, hot developer solution or concentrated developer solution; appears dark |
| Conecut | The PID/cone cuts film off; not centered |
| Elongation | Image looks longer than it is; Angulation is too low |
| Acidifier | Used in the fixer solution; aka acetic acid |
| Darkroom | Special room designed for processing films, chemical & supply storage, controlled temp and free of dust and clean and dry; with zero white light. |
| Daylight leader | |
| Developer solution | Reduces the exposed silver halide crystal chemically to black metallic silver; developing agent, preservative, accelerator and restrainer |
| Fogged film | Improper safe lighting/light leaks, outdated films, high developer temp, improper film storage, |
| Scratched film | When soft film emulsion removed and scratched by sharp object; white lines |
| Yellow/brown film | Over used fixer or developer |
| Fingernail mark | fingernails scratched the film |
| Fingerprint artifact | Fingers touched film with fluoride on them |
| Fixer solution | Removes or clear all undeveloped/unexposed silver halide crystals from film emulsion; has 3 ingredients Fixing agent, preservative, hardening agent & acidifier |
| Hardening agent | Used in fixer solution, shrinks and hardens gelatin in film emulsion; Potassium alum |
| Light leak | Light peak through the dark room; exposed areas appear dark |
| Replenisher | Adding fresh fixer/developer to keep levels and keep solutions fresh. |
| Reticulation | Cracked looking film; temp change between developer and water bath |
Created by:
cadengel
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