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chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to | Surviving in the environment they inhabited |
| On the Galapagos islands, Charles Darwin observed | Somewhat similar species, with traits that suited their particular environments |
| The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the | Birds different shaped beaks |
| Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos he wondered | if species living on different islands had once been memebers of the same species |
| Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after | Observations of many species and their geographical location |
| James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that | Earth is many millions of years old |
| In the 1800's Charles Lyell emphasized that | past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today |
| James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists | Suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occured |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms | Have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection |
| Which is a major concept included in Lamarck's theory of evolution? | Body structure can change according to the actions of the organisms |
| Lamarck's theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species appear as a result of | The actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures |
| The idea that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by | Thomas Malthus |
| Darwin realized that the economist Malthus's theory of population control | could be generalized to any population of organisms |
| In 1859 Charles Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work titled | on the origin of species |
| Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by | an essay by Wallace on evolution |
| Why might Darwin have hesitated to publish his concept of evolution by natural selection? | He was disturbed by his findings, which challenged fundamental scientific beliefs |
| Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches | Descended from a common ancestor |
| According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the | possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness |
| When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for | natural variations that are present in a species |
| when a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is | artificial selection |
| Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection? | They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment |
| Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specififc environment | fitness |
| According to Darwins theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have | variations best suited to the environment |
| Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection? | Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time |
| An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be | Physical or behavioral |
| Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates | Share a common ancestor with sea stars |
| Darwin's concept of evolution was NOT influenced by | knowledge about the structure of DNA |
| People of Charles Darwin's time understood that fossils | were preserved remains of ancient organisms |
| The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of | A common ancestor |
| Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as | A detailed record of evolution |
| The hypothesis that species change over time by natural selection was proposed by | Charles Darwin |
| Darwins theory of evolution suggests that | Species change over time |
| Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection? | A process of change in species over time |
| James Hutton and Charles Lyell held similar views about Earth's age. Both thought that Earth was _______ of years old | Millions |
| The geologist ________ proposed that past changes in Earth must be explained in terms of events and processes observable today | Lyell |
| According to Lamarck, evolution resulted from the inheritance of ____________ traits | aquired |
| According to_______'s theory of the inheritance of acquired traits, the long legs of certain shore birds could be acquired by frequent wading in water and then passed on to offspring | Lamarck |
| Charles Darwin observed that instead of being perfect and unchanging, individuals in a species show ___________ | variation |
| Charles Darwin concluded that, in similar environments around the world, ____________________ could produce similar structures in unrelated species | natural selection |
| Certain animal structures that have different functions in different species and develop from the same embryonic tissues are called____________ structures. | Homolygous |
| According to Darwins theory of evolution, _________ change over time | Species |
| According to Darwin's theory of evolution all species on Earth are united by _______ | common ancestors |
| Darwin proposed that natural selection took place as individuals best suited to the ___________ survived and reproduced | environment |
| Charles Darwin realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survival but also ___________ | reproduction |
| Main evidence scientists used to prepare these diagrams? | Fossils |
| Differences in turtle bodies? | Differs depending on island they live on |
| How might the vegetation have affected the evolution of the Hood island tortoise? | IF its hard to reach the turtle probably needed a longer neck to reach its food. |
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maddydogking
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