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Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the lymphatic system: | network of vessels that transports a watery clear fluid known as lymph. It interacts with the blood circulatory system to drain fluid from cells and tissues |
| What is lymph? | Once interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessel it becomes lymph |
| What are the functions of the lymphatic system? | returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood, absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system, defense against invading microorganisms and disease |
| What is the structure of the walls of large lymphatic vessels? | Walls of lymphatic vessels are thinner than those of veins but are constructed with the same three layers with semilunar valves inside |
| What is the name of the larges lymph vessel? | thoracic duct |
| Where does lymph rejoin the circulatory system? | right and left subclavian veins |
| Where does lymph fluid originate? | blood plasma |
| How does lymph move through your body? | skeletal muscle contraction, breathing movements, and contraction of smooth muscle |
| Compartments within the lymph node contain these dense masses: | lymphocytes |
| What are the cells of the lymphatic system? | neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinphils, basophils, |
| What are the structures of the lymphatic system and where are they located? | lymph nodes (along lymphatic pathways, grouped or chains along vessels throughout body, none in CNS), Thymus (anterior to aorta, posterior to upper part of sterum), spleen (upper left portion of abdominal cavity, just inferior to the diaphragm) |
| Describe the functions of the organs of the lymphatic system: | lymph nodes (contain lymphocytes and macrophages for immune surveillance; filters harmful particles from lymph), Thymus (T cell production; secrete thymosins), spleen (contain RBCs and lymphocytes and macrophages) |
| What is the largest organ of the lymphatic system? | spleen |
| What are pathogens? | bacteria, protozoans, viruses, fungi |
| What are the innate defenses? | species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, fever, inflammation, phagocytosis |
| How does species resistance protect you from a pathogen? | disease unique only to a specific species |
| How does mechanical barriers protect you from a pathogen? | skin prevents entry and mucus and cilia sweep mucus into stomach where high pH kills pathogen |
| How does chemical barrier protect you from a pathogen? | interferon is a hormone peptides in response to virus or tumor cells and stimulates phagocytosis of other cells. Enzyme action by gastric juices (pepsin & HCl) and tears (enzyme lysozyme) |
| How does a fever protect you from a pathogen? | high body temperature causes spleen to sequester iron and bacteria/fungi need more iron; increases activity of phagocytes |
| How does inflammation protect you from a pathogen? | causes walling off so infection can not spread redness: blood vessel dilation and increase blood volume - bring in phagocytes |
| How does phagocytosis protect you from a pathogen? | engulf and digest particles, antigens |
| What are the adaptive defenses? | The third line of defense: lymphocytes (B and T cells) |
| How do they protect you from pathogens? | There are two ways: cell-mediated (cellular immune response) immunity (T cells) and humoral immune response (B cell proliferation) |
| Describe B Cell activities: | Antigen-bearing agents (pathogens) enter tissues, B cell becomes activated when binds with receptors specific for that pathogen in conjunction with helper T cells, B cells can proliferate into plasma cells which synthesize and secrete antibodies destroy. |
| Describe T cell activities: | pathogen enters tissues, macrophage phagocytizes the pathogen and display pathogen agents on cell membrane which activates T helper cells that fits its antigen receptors, cytokines are released which stimulate B cell to differentiate and release antibody. |
| Describe lymph movement through the body: | Hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid drives entry of lymph into lymphatic capillaries. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle contraction and breathing movements in the walls of lymphatic trunks forces that propel lymph through lymphatic vessels. |
| Be able to label structures of the lymphatic system in a body diagram. See your notes. |
Created by:
jlafferty
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