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Adv. Bio. Chapter 11
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Arteriole | Minute artery |
Artery | A vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart |
Atrium | a chamber of the heart receiving blood from the veins |
Capillary | a minute blood vessel connecting arterioles with venules |
Cardiac cycle | sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles of the heart |
Cardiac output | the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by left ventricle |
Diastolic pressure | lowest arterial BP (relaxing) |
Myocardium | the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall middle layer |
Pericardium | the membranous sac enveloping the heart outside layer |
Pulmonary Circulation | system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange |
Pulse | rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction; can be felt from the outside of the body |
Semilunar Valves | valves that prevent blood return to the ventricles after contraction |
Systolic Pressure | the pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole |
Vein | a vessel carrying blood away from the tissues toward the heart |
Ventricles | (1) discharging chambers of the heart (2) cavities within the brain lower chambers of the heart |
Veinales | small veins |
endocardium | innermost layer of the heart |
Which side does the apex point to? | the left side of the body |
Tachycardia | fast heart rate |
bradycardia | slow heart rate |
SA node | also known as pacemaker, starts each heart beat |
CHF disease | occurs when heart is unable to pump blood effectively.fluid can build up as a result of CHF (congestive heart failure). symptoms include congested lungs, shortness of breath, water retention, dizziness, and weakness. |
Stroke volume | the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat |
What causes heart sounds? | the closing of valves and the collision of blood against them when they do |
Tunic Intema | endothelium- inner layer of arteries and veins |
Tunic Media | middle layer |
Tunic Externa | outer layer |
Capillary walls | one cell thick |
Why are artery walls thicker than veins? | artery walls need to withhold the pressure of the blood coming right from the heart. In veins there isn't as much pressure |
Peripheral resistance | the force against blood flow. Increase in this is usually caused by an increase in vasoconstriction, which would decrease blood flow. |
Name 2 sets of exceptions to the rule that arteries usually carry O2 rich blood and veins carry CO2 rich blood | pulmonary or umbilical. (portal?) |
Circle of Willis | the communication between the left and right carotid arteries, which provide arterial blood to the brain |
Ductus venosus | the vessel that bypasses the liver in fetal circulation |
Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus | the 2 vessels that bypass the lungs in fetal circulation |
Umbilical vein | the vessels that carry oxygen and nutrient rich blood in the umbilical cord |
wrist | radial arteries |
lateral to eyes | temporal arteries |
below earlobe | carotid arteries |
groin | femoral arteries |
back of knee | popliteal arteries |
carotid arteries | supply blood to brain |
varicose veins | veins with a weakness of valves factors- obesity, pregnancy, standing for long periods of time. results from inactivity/pressure on veins |
valves | allow blood to move from atria to ventricle |
Heart beat sound is produced by? | closing of valves |
portal circulation | type of circulation that has a capillary bed that is both fed and drained by veins |
Blood pressure | maintains circulation throughout whole body |
function of lymph vessels | get rid of waste |
spleen | destroys dead red blood cells produces lymphocytes |
septum | seperates left and right sides of heart |
aorta | supplies blood to all body tissues |
bycuspid | left |
tricuspid | right |
corda tendona | cords that anchor valves |
valvularstenosis | stiff valves |
coronary arteries | arteries that supply heart with nutrients |
mycardial infarction | medical name for heart attack |
angina | chest pain |
fibrolation | rapid uncordinated shuttering of heart valves |