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1406 TEST 4
DNA, REPLICATION & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Each new copy of a replicated chromosome | sister chromatid |
| Long strands of DNA (chromosomes)are wound around proteins called | histones |
| centromere | region where chromatids are connected until anaphase |
| compare daughter cell formed in mitosis to the parental cell as they appear in G1 | same number of chromosomes and same amount of DNA |
| chromatid | replicated chromosome |
| What was the significance of Fred Griffith's experiment with 2 strains of pneumonia pathogens? | harmless bacteria can be transformed by absorbing DNA from another bacteria source |
| Viruses that attack bacteria are called | bacteriophages |
| What was the significance of the Hershey-Chase experiment with radioactive P32 and S35? | It showed the inheritance of radioactive P and S in host bacteria for several generations |
| What are the elements of nucleic acids? | C, H, O, N, P |
| What the monomers (building blocks) of the nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What are the components of a nucleotide? | 5-Carbon sugars, a phosphate group, nitrogenous bases |
| What type of bonds are between the nucleotides? | hydrogen |
| According to Chargaff's rule; what are the bonding rules? | adenine to thymine cytosine to guanine |
| Nitrogen bases with double (2) rings are called | purines |
| Nirogen bases with a single (1) ring are called | pyrimidines |
| True or False; double rings always bond to single ring nucleotides. | True |
| Rosalind Franklin's contribution showed Watson and Crick | principal structure |
| Watson and Crick's contribution resulted in | DNA was double stranded; helical; consisted of unique base pairings; it's structure permitted replication |
| The complementary base pairing rules are A - ______ C - ______ | T G |
| DNA has been compared to | rope ladder spiral stairway |
| The DNA backbone consists of | phosphate and sugar bonds |
| Messelson and Stahl's experiment best described DNA replications as | semiconservative |
| Replication of DNA | produces 2 identical molecules the consist of half new and half parental DNA |
| The enzyme that adds new nucleotides, proofreads the bonding rules,and rarley allows mutations | DNA polymerase |
| The Okazaki fragments created on the lagging strand are join together by | DNA ligase |
| How many strands in DNA? | 2 |
| How many strands in RNA? | 1 |
| What are the different types of RNA in volved in protein synthesis? | mRNA; tRNA; rRNA |
| What form of RNA carries the DNA code to the ribosome? | mRNA |
| What form of RNA carries the amino acids to the ribosome to bond with the growing polypeptide chain? | tRNA |
| Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA? | thymine |
| Which compound is found in RNA but not DNA? | ribose sugar |
| The nitrogen base Uracil will bond with | Adenine |
| The relationship of RNA to DNA has called | complimentary |
| Where does transcription take place in the cell? | nucleus |
| What is transcription? | the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template |
| What enzyme catalyzes transcription? | DNA polymerase |
| What portion of the DNA molecule and the processed mRNA is the actual genetic code? | the exons |
| How many different mRNA codons are there? | 64 |
| The 3 base = 1 amino acids is the basis for | the genetic code |
| 3 of the 64 bases do not code for an amino acid but cause the elongation process to ______. | stop |
| If the DNA code were AAGCGT then the mRNA codons would be | UUCGCA |
| To what does the anticodon bond? | codon |
| Translation starts when the mRNA and tRNA attach to the | small ribosomal subunit |
| When amino acids are joined together during the building of the polypeptide primary structre, they form ________ bonds. | peptide |
| What type of mutation causes Sickle Cell Anemia? | substitution |
| Gene mutations can occur | randomly and spontaneously |
| A mutation is any change in base sequence of | DNA |
| 2 characteristics of mutations are | can occur in all organisms and they can be caused by environmental agents |
| Mutations can be | random, beneficial, harmful, and inheritable |
| What types of mutations can cause a frameshift? | addition of a base or a 1 or 2 base deletion |
| How many of the DNA strands is transcribed? | only 1 |
| Transcribe the following DNA strand: TACCACAATCCCGCATA | AUGGUGUUAGGGCACGUAU |
| If the mRNA strand is AUGUUUACAGGCAACUAG what would the sequence of amino acids be? | Met - Phe - Thr - Gly - Asn - stop |
| Okazaki fragment arrangements | 5' RNA nucleotides, 3' DNA nucleotides |
| removes RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments | DNA Polymerase 1 |
| synthesizes short segments of RNA to fill in space between the Okazaki fragments | primase |
| promoter region | region at which RNA polymerase will bind and begin transcription for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| 5' cap and poly (A) tail | helps stabilize mRNA by blocking it breakdown |
| introns | excised after transcription during mRNA editing |
| exons | spliced together to form the final mRNA strand |
| most abundant type of RNA | rRNA |
| missense mutation | changes the sequence of amino acids in the protein |
| nonsense mutation | insertion of a premature stop codon |
| types of mutations that can cause a frameshift | insertion or deletion |
Created by:
hembreeb72
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