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DNA and Genes

Chapter 11

TermDefinition
Nitrogenous base Carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen
Double helix Shape of DNA that is formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure
DNA replication Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
Messenger RNA RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA RNA that makes up the ribosomes;clamps onto mRNA & uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order
Transfer RNA RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
Transcription process in the cell nucleus where enymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Codon set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid
Translation process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
Mutation any change or random error in a DNA sequence
Point mutation is a change in a single base pair in DNA
Frameshift mutation mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA
Chromosomal mutation when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly
Mutagen any agent that can cause a change in DNA
Created by: alejos
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