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Chapter 11 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA Replication | process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis |
| Double Helix | shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a spring-like structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases |
| Nitrogenous Base | carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen |
| Codon | set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid |
| Messenger RNA | RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA that makes up the ribosomes |
| Transcription | process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand |
| Transfer RNA | RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins |
| Translation | process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| `Chromosomal Mutation | mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis |
| Frameshift Mutation | mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA |
| Mutagen | any agent that can cause a change in DNA |
| Mutation | any change or random error in a DNA sequence |
| Point Mutation | mutation in a DNA sequence |