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Biology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem |
| trophic level | feeding level in an ecosystem |
| producer | an organism that makes its own food |
| consumer | an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms |
| herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
| carnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating animals |
| omnivore | an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances |
| parasite | an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant) |
| host | an animal or plant that nourishes and supports a parasite |
| predator | any animal that lives by preying on other animals |
| prey | animal hunted or caught for food |
| aquatic ecosystem | an ecosystem that is water-based, either fresh water or salt water |
| terrestrial ecosystem | an ecosystem on land |
| marine ecosystem | An ocean (saltwater) ecosystem |
| freshwater ecosystem | A river, lake, stream, or pond (not ocean) ecosystems |
| autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| energy pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web; the most available energy is at the bottom and the least is at the top |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it |
| decomposer | An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms |
| ecosystem | collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment |
| abiotic factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
| biotic factors | living things in an ecosystem |
| competition | the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources |
| niche | an organisms job or role in the ecosystem |
| limiting factor | factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease |
| long-term environmental change | environmental change that occurs slowly over time and effects organisms over generations |
| short-term environmental change | environmental change that occurs quickly and effects organisms immediately |
| extinct | no longer in existence |
| endangered | in danger of becoming extinct |
| pollution | Release of harmful materials into the environment |
| biodiversity | the variety of species living within an ecosystem |
| abundance | more than enough |
| runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground |
| artificial reefs | a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water that is built by man |
| overharvesting | catching or removing from a population more organisms than the population can replace |
| climate change | long-term significant change in the weather patterns of an area |
| disease | any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body |
| invasive species | plants and animals that have migrated to areas where they did not originate; often displace native species by outcompeting them for resources |
| dam | a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea |
| water pollution | pollution of the water in rivers and lakes |
Created by:
jistre
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