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3rd Quarter Review

QuestionAnswer
Chapter 1
1. What is Homeostasis? The maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing
2. Starting with atoms list the levels of organization up to an organism. Atom -> Biological molecule -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> system
List and explain the steps of scientific method Observing and Hypothesizing - Biologists make observations and create a hypothesis to conclude what might happen
Designing an experiment Independent variable - The condition in an experiment that is tested
Independent variable The condition in the experiment that is tested
Dependent variable The condition of the experiment that depends on changes made to the independent variable
Using tools To carry out investigations, scientists need tools that enable them to record information
Maintaining safety Safety is another important factor that scientists consider when carrying out investigations. Biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying.
safety symbol a symbol that warns you about a danger that may exist from chemicals, heat, or procedures you will use
Data gathering To answer their questions about scientific problems, scientists seek information from their investigators
Thinking about what happened Often, the thinking that goes into analyzing data takes the greatest amount of a scientist's time and careful review of the experiment
Reporting results Results and conclusions of investigations are recorded in scientific journals
Results of an investigation Results are published
Other scientists attempt to repeat procedure - verify results
Chemistry
1. What is covalent bond? a chemical bond formed between atoms by the sharing of electrons
2. What are enzymes? proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction
3. Define the terms reduced and oxidized reduced - to make something smaller in size and number oxidized - to combine with oxygen
Biochemistry
1. What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds? Organic compounds contain carbon, but inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
2. Describe and give examples of the four major biomolecules. Carbohydrate - a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
Example : glucose and fructose
Lipids large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen
Protein a large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Nucleic acid a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code
Cells
1. Describe the cell theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells
2. What's the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes do not have membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotes are organisms that have membrane-bond organelles
3. List and describe the basic parts of the cells Prokaryotic cells - cells that do not any membrane-bond organelles Eukaryotic cells - cells containing membrane-bound organelles
4. Why is surface area important in limiting cell growth? Substances can not enter or leave the cell in numbers large enough to meet the cells needs. The materials cannot enter the cell if it is too small. The cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large.
Waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small.
Cell Transport 1. Define the terms osmosis, facilitated diffusion active transport, and diffusion osmosis - the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane facilitates diffusion - Passive transport
2. What is exocytosis? the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell
Photosynthesis
1. What is a heterotrophs? organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms for energy & nutrients
2. What is considered the energy source for all living things on earth?
3. What is a biochemical pathway and give an example? a series of biochemical reactions leading to the synthesis or the metabolism of a biological molecule. the Krebs cycle is an example
4. Be able to describe the Light Reaction and the Calvin Cycle that make up photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration
1. Define cellular respiration and fermentation(this happens when no oxygen is present). cellular respiration is the process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP. fermentation is an anaerobic process that that provides a mean to produce ATP until oxygen is available again
2. What are the two stages of cellular respiration? anaerobic and aerobic
3. What part of the cell does cellular respiration start and when does it end?
Cell Reproduction
1. Define chromatid and diploid cells. chromatid cells-
2. Define interphase and its role in the cell cycle
3. Identify what happens in Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telephase
Genetics
1. If a female is XX then what is a male? XY
2. What is a pedigree?
3. What does the term autosomal dominant mean?
4. What part of the Pea plant did Mendel remove in order to prevent self-pollination?
5. Define law of segregation
6. Define Punnet Square and give an example
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
1. What does a nucleotide consist of?
2. What is the function of tRNA?
3. RNA polymerase needs to find what on DNA so that it can bind?
4. What are exons?
5. What are the effects of a mutation?
6. What is a Genome?
History of Life
1. Does a radioactive isotopes half-life change?
2. Define spontaneous generation.
3. What's an isotope?
4. What was Redi's experiment?
5. What was produced in Miller and Urey experiment?
6. Where did Oparin believed that Macromolecules form over?
Created by: 100006302139264
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