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Evolutionary Theory
Study island questions practice/help
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Comparative biochemistry is the study of similarities and differences in _______ among organisms. | DNA sequences |
| How do the similarities found in different species of mammals reflect evolutionary relationships? | I and II only |
| Although there is not a complete record of ancient life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years, scientists have still been able to construct a history of life. Where do scientists obtain the majority of their modern knowledge about the history of life? | fossils |
| The study of embryological similarities and differences among species is called _______. | comparative embryology |
| In the Linnaean system, organisms are classified into different groups based on which of the following? | similarities in genetic sequence similarities during embryonic development structural similarities |
| According to the theory of _______, most of Earth's current species developed from distinctly different species which existed earlier in time. | biological evolution |
| The Earth consists of a variety of different organisms. Despite their diversity, however, some similarities on the structural and metabolic levels may be seen. These similarities can be attributed to | similarities among organisms in their proteins and nucleic acids. |
| Fur seals and sea lions have similar body shapes and features. Based on their anatomy, they seem to have a relatively recent common evolutionary ancestor. What further evidence would best substantiate that the two animals have a recent common ancestor? | he animals have very similar sequences in their DNA. |
| The front leg of an iguana and the wing of a bird look different, but both limbs likely evolved from the same limb of a shared ancestor. Structures such as these are said to be _______. | homologous |
| The following data table summarizes the number of differences in amino acid sequences found for four different species. Based on the data table, which two species are most closely related? | species B and species C |
| The structure of a certain blood protein was compared among four organisms. Each organism was compared to each of the other organisms...... Based on the data, which of the following organisms are most closely related by evolution? | C and B |
| The coelacanth is a kind of fish that has existed for 400 million years.The modern day coelacanth is almost identical to its Paleozoic ancestors. How has the evolution of this species most likely progressed? | It has experienced long periods of stasis in which little change has occurred. |
| The diagram below shows a variety of animals at different stages of development. Which of the following statements is supported by this diagram? | There are similarities in the developmental stages of different organisms in the animal kingdom. |
| The endosymbiont theory holds that mitochondria were originally bacteria-like single-celled organisms. Which of the following facts support this theory? | II and IV only |
| Which of the following most accurately describes what can be seen in the fossil record? | The fossil record shows species suddenly appearing and disappearing. When one species goes extinct, another one usually takes its place. |
| Analyze the fossil evidence in the diagram below. Which unit preserves the greatest biological diversity? | unit 2 |
| Evolution is the fundamental concept underlying all of biology and is supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence. Which of the following supports evolution? | all of these |
| What does it mean to say that two different species of organisms are closely related? | They have a common evolutionary ancestor. |
| Scientists find fossils of a wide variety of dinosaur species throughout Mesozoic rocks (~250–65 million years ago)....This is because... | there was a mass extinction of dinosaur species at the end of the Mesozoic. |
| Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae. This fact implies that | all mammals descended from a common ancestor. |
| Which of the following facts implies that humans and fish had a common ancestor? | Both species have gill slits when they are embryos. |
| A single cell includes many specialized parts and organelles to carry out various processes. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum is a complicated network of folded membranes with a large amount of surface area on which chemical reactions are carried ou | Ancient single-celled organisms competed for food, energy, and raw materials. Natural selection favored cells that could compete effectively. |
| The figures above show the forelimb structure of four extinct species of crawling animals. The circles represent wrist bones, and the digits extend from the wrist. All living descendants of this group have three digits attached to a single wrist bone. | The picture with three circles |
| Which of the following statements is true of evolution? | Evolution does not always progress in one set direction. |
| Which of the following is an example of how taxon classification might change? | Scientists recognize a new sub-species of tiger based on newly discovered DNA patterns. |
| Humans and mice have differences in only 18 out of 51 amino acids in their insulin proteins. Mice and guinea pigs also have 18 differences. From this, it can be inferred that | humans are as related to mice as mice are to guinea pigs. |
| Evolution is likely to occur because of | I, II, III, and IV |
| Directions: Select the correct entry in the table. The nucleotide sequences of four species are shown in the table below. Select the nucleotide sequences of the two species that are most closely related | B and C |
| Scientists find fossils of a wide variety of dinosaur species throughout Mesozoic rocks (~250–65 million years ago).Above the Mesozoic rocks lie Cenozoic rocks...Which the following best describes what is preserved in the Cenozoic rocks? | episodic speciation of mammals |
| The fossil record shows that the forelimbs of humans, cats, dolphins, and bats have the same skeletal elements. These skeletal elements have evolved into different shapes and sizes based on their function. | These four species are distantly related and share a common ancestor. |
| The image below represents a map of four islands.Each island is home to a distinct species of lizard. Assuming that all four lizard species share a common ancestor, which of the following is most likely to be true? | The lizard species on Island A is more closely related to the lizard species on Island B than to the lizard species on Island D. |
| The human appendix is a _______ structure that suggests that humans evolved from plant-eating ancestors. | vestigical |
| The study of structural differences and similarities among living things is called _______. | comparative anatomy |
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_thequeenofoblivion_
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