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AP Bio Chapter 54

QuestionAnswer
Primary Producers Level that ultimately supports all life in an ecosystem
Primary Consumers Herbivores
Secondary Consumers Carnivores that eat herbivores
Tertiary Consumers Carnivores that eat carnivores
Detritivores Get energy from detritus
Detritus Non-living organic material
Food chain Pathway along which food is transferred
Food Web Complex feeding relationships
Production Rate of incorporation of energy and materials into the bodies of organisms
Consumption Assimilating organic materials
Decomposiyion Breakdown of organic materials
Primary Productivity Light energy converted to energy over a given time
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) Total primary productivity
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) GPP minus energy used for respiration
Biomass Energy per unit area per unit time
Standing Crop Biomass Total biomass of primary producers
Limiting Nutrient Further productivity limited by a single nutrient
Secondary Productivity Rate in which the ecosystem's consumers convert food into biomass
Ecological efficiency % energy transferred from one trophic level to the next
Pyramid of Productivity Stack trophic levels in blocks
Biomass Pryamid Each tier is a standing crop biomass
Turnover time Standing crop biomass vs. productivity
Pyramid of numbers Shows how many individuals are present in each trophic level
Biogeochemical cycles A nutrient circut
Nitrogen fixation A way for nitrogen to enter an ecosystem
Nitrification Oxidation of ammonium by plants
Denitrification Nitrate converted back into N2
Ammonification Nitrogen decomposed back into ammonium
Long-term ecological research(LTER) Dynamics of ecosystems over long periods of time
Biological magnification Toxins concentrated in successive trophic levels of a food web
Greenhouse effect Re tension of solar heat
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