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AP Bio Chapter 54
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Primary Producers | Level that ultimately supports all life in an ecosystem |
Primary Consumers | Herbivores |
Secondary Consumers | Carnivores that eat herbivores |
Tertiary Consumers | Carnivores that eat carnivores |
Detritivores | Get energy from detritus |
Detritus | Non-living organic material |
Food chain | Pathway along which food is transferred |
Food Web | Complex feeding relationships |
Production | Rate of incorporation of energy and materials into the bodies of organisms |
Consumption | Assimilating organic materials |
Decomposiyion | Breakdown of organic materials |
Primary Productivity | Light energy converted to energy over a given time |
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | Total primary productivity |
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | GPP minus energy used for respiration |
Biomass | Energy per unit area per unit time |
Standing Crop Biomass | Total biomass of primary producers |
Limiting Nutrient | Further productivity limited by a single nutrient |
Secondary Productivity | Rate in which the ecosystem's consumers convert food into biomass |
Ecological efficiency | % energy transferred from one trophic level to the next |
Pyramid of Productivity | Stack trophic levels in blocks |
Biomass Pryamid | Each tier is a standing crop biomass |
Turnover time | Standing crop biomass vs. productivity |
Pyramid of numbers | Shows how many individuals are present in each trophic level |
Biogeochemical cycles | A nutrient circut |
Nitrogen fixation | A way for nitrogen to enter an ecosystem |
Nitrification | Oxidation of ammonium by plants |
Denitrification | Nitrate converted back into N2 |
Ammonification | Nitrogen decomposed back into ammonium |
Long-term ecological research(LTER) | Dynamics of ecosystems over long periods of time |
Biological magnification | Toxins concentrated in successive trophic levels of a food web |
Greenhouse effect | Re tension of solar heat |