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Unit 11 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
universe all space and the matter space contains
star a self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which the energy is generated by nuclear reactions in its interior
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram a plot of the surface temperature (color) of stars vs. their luminosity
luminosity the intensity of light from a celestial body that can be used to determine differences in the bodies
Main Sequence Stable middle development phase stars that plot along a continuous diagonal belt on the H-R diagram
nebula large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; the location of star formation
supernova the death of a large star by explosion
black hole an object with the mass of more than 4 suns squeezed into a ball only 10 km across whose gravity is so strong that even light can not escape
galaxy a large grouping of stars in space
elliptical-shaped galaxy a galaxy with a long oval shape, a bright center, no apparent internal structure or spiral arms, and very little dust or gas
spiral-shaped galaxy a galaxy with a bulge in the center and very distinct long arms winding around the center
irregular-shaped galaxy a galaxy that does not fit into any category; a galaxy with very little symmetry
sun the luminous star around which the Earth and other planets revolve; composed mainly of hydrogen and helium
Milky Way Galaxy the huge grouping of stars that rotate around a center of which the Sun and the solar system are a part
spiral arms areas of stars that spread out from the center of a spiral galaxy
galactic center rotational center of a huge galaxy such as the Milky Way galaxy
dust lanes bands of dust that appear as dark ribbons against the bright stars in a galaxy
solar mass used in astronomy as a standard unit to compare the size of other stars with our Sun
apparent magnitude how bright an object appears in the sky from Earth
absolute magnitude the apparent magnitude an object would have if it were located at a distance of 10 parsecs
wavelength the distance between any two corresponding points that are adjacent on a wave, such as from peak to peak
electromagnetic radiation the type of energy released by stars consisting of electric and magnetic waves that travel at the speed of light
radiation the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
radio waves electromagnetic waves with long wavelengths and low frequencies
microwaves electromagnetic waves that are between radio waves and infrared waves in the electromagnetic spectrum
infrared waves electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths than visible light, but shorter than radio waves
light waves provides us with visible light spectrum, the colors we see
ultraviolet waves electromagnetic waves with a shorter wavelength than visible light, but longer than x-rays
x-rays electromagnetic waves that are the second highest in energy and are used in medical and astronomical applications
gamma ray electromagnetic waves with the highest energy; produced by supernovas, the destruction of atoms, or the decay of radioactive material
Radio Astronomy the study of celestial objects that emit radio waves
Redshift the change in wavelength that allows us to determine if an object is moving toward us or away from us
Electromagnetic Spectrum a grouping of all possible energy levels of electromagnetic radiation from radio waves to gamma radiation and includes visible light
Created by: tamiwaller
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