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Pathology of the DS
Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anorexia | Lack of appetite |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| borborygmus(borborygmi) | rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract |
| constipation | difficulty in passing stools |
| diarrhea | frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth (belching) |
| flatus | gas expelled through the anus |
| hematochezia | passage of bright red blood cells from the rectum |
| jaundice(icterus) | yellow orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high level of bilirubin in the blood |
| melena | black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood |
| nausea | unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit |
| steatorrhea | fat in feces |
| aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers |
| dental carries | tooth decay |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus |
| oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth |
| periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone |
| achalasia | failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax |
| esophageal cancer | malignant tumor of the esophagus |
| esophageal varices | swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
| gastric cancer | malignant tumor of the stomach |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomsch |
| hernia | protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it |
| peptic ulcer | open sore in the lining of the stomach and duodenum |
| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus |
| colonic polyps | polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon |
| colorectal cancer | adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both |
| diverticulosis | abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon |
| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection |
| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region |
| ileus | loss of peristalsis with resulting of obstruction of intestines |
| inflammatory bowel disease | inflammation of the colon and the small intestine |
| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines |
| irritable bowel syndrome IBS | abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation but without abnormalities in the intestines |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflamation of the colon with presence of ulcers |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine on itself |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in the gallbladder |
| pancreatic cancer | malignant tumor of the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| viral hepatits | inflammation of the liver caused by a virus |
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