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1406 TEST 2
CHAP 7 DIFFUSION, TRANSPORT, AND CELL MEMBRANES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens to a freshwater organism when it is transfered to sea water? | it's cells will shrink; crenate |
| What factors influence the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane? | size of the molecules, temperature of the environment,concentration of the solutes |
| Diffusion of nonpolar molecules are not affected by __________________. | charge |
| Type of diffusion that requires energy of ATP. | active transport |
| Type of diffusion that does not require the energy of ATP. | passive transport |
| Types of active transport. | Na-K pump, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration would require ___________ and is therefore _________________. | ATP; active transport |
| Molecules moving down the concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration does not require ____________ and is therefore _______________. | ATP; passive transport |
| An environment that has a higher solute concentration and a lower water concentration than the cell | hypertonic environment |
| An environment with a hight water concentrationa and a lower solute concentration than the cell. | hypotonic environment |
| An environment that has the same concentration of solutes and the same concentration of water as the cell. | isotonic environment |
| What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypertonic environment? | contents shrink; plasmolysis |
| What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic environment? | it will shrink; crenate |
| What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypotonic environment? | it will swell; turgid, stiff (not burst because of cell wall) |
| What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic environment? | it will swell and burst |
| Passive transport that requires the use of a transport protein to transport the molecule across the membrane. | facilitated diffusion |
| The gradual change in solute concentration high to low concentration. | concentration gradient |
| The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient would be _____________. | active transport |
| The gradual spreading of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | diffusion |
| The diffusion of water molecules only. | osmosis |
| Sodium-potassium pump is an example of ______. | active transport |
| The engulfing of molecules too large to fit through the integral proteins. Why can't plant cells do this? | phagocytosis; cell wall is to rigid |
| who proposed the "Fluid Mosaic Model" for the structure of cell membranes? | Singer and Nicolson |
| the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes proposes what structure of membranes | a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
| animal cell membranes have what types of molecules as structural components? | phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol |
| what property does cholesterol add to animal cells | allows the membrane to be fluid like even at colder temperatures |
| a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic | amphipathic |
| how can a polar compound like proteins be embedded in a nonpolar membrane | it must be amphipathic with both polar and nonpolar radicals in its tertiary structure |
| how can fatty acids in the phospholipid help keep the membranes more fluid than solid? | double bond kinks spread the molecules out and keep them from packing together tightly; less dense |
| proteins that span the width of the membrane | integral proteins |
| proteins limited to the outer or inner surface of the plasma membrane | peripheral proteins |
| molecules that pass through a membrane easily | small and hydrophobic |
| molecules that pass through a membrane the fastest | gases; O2, CO2, etc. |
| water diffuses through proteins called | aquaporin |
| what is the voltage across a membrane called? | membrane potential |
| types of passive transport | diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| carrier molecules of the membrane used in active transport | proteins |
| what happens to a cell placed in sea water | it shrivels (crenation) because sea water is hypertonic |
| plant cells placed in fresh water | will become turgid from internal pressure caused by the gain of water |
| a solution has of 5% salt concentration is separated from a solution of 15% salt concentration by a membrane that is permeable to salt but not to salt......what will happen | 5% side is hypotonic and water will move from the 5% side to the 15% side |
Created by:
hembreeb72
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