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human anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| parts of the skeletal system | bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, |
| Two subdivisions of the skeleton | Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton |
| The adult skeleton has how many bones | 206 |
| Two types of bones tissue | compact bones, Spongy bones |
| Spongy Bones | small needle like pieces of bone with many open spaces |
| classification of bones | long, short, flat, irregular |
| long bones | typically longer than wide, shaft with heads situated at both ends, contain mostly compact bones. |
| short bones | generally cube shape, contain mostly spongy bone, includes bones of the wrist and ankles, sesamoid bones are a type of short bone. |
| flat bones | Thin flattened and usually curved, Two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone. |
| Irregular Bones | Do not fit into other bone classification for example vertebrae, Hip bones |
| Diaphysis | Is at the Shaft, composed of compact bone |
| Epiphysis | At the ends of long bone, and composed mostly of spongy bone |
| Periosteum | Outside covering of the diaphysis |
| Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers | Secure periosteum to underlying bone |
| Arties | Supply bone cells with nutrients |
| Articular Cartilage | Covers the external surface of the epiphyses, made of hyaline cartilage, decreases friction at joint surfaces. |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bone. |
| Epiphyseal Line | Remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones. |
| Osteon (Haversian System) | A unit of bone contaning the central canal |
| Central (Haversian Canal) | Opening in the center of an Osteon |
| Perforating (Volkman Canal) | Canal Perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessel and nerves. |
| Lacunae | Cavities containg bone cells |
| Lamellae | Rings around the central canal, sites of lucanae |
| Epiphyseal Plates | Allows for lengthwise growth of long bones during childhood |
| Appositional | Bones grow in width |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cells |
| Osteoclast | giant bone destroying cells |
| Fracture | break in the bone |
| Closed Fracture | Break that does not penetrate |
| Open Fracture | Broken bone penetrate through the skin. |
| Comminuted | Bones break into many fragments |
| Compression | Bones are crushed |
| Depressed | Broken bone portion is pressed inwaard |
| Impacted | broken bone ends are forced into eachother |
| Spiral | Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone |
| Green stick | Bones breaks completely |
| Axial Skeleton | skull, vertebral column, bony thorax |
| Skull Two sets of bones | Cranium, Facial Bones |
| Nine Vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones | Sacrum, Coccyx |
| Primary Curvature | Spinal Curvatures of the thoracic and sacral area present from birth form a C shape |
| Secondary Curvature | are the spinal curvatures of the lumbar region develops after birth. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Composed of 126 bones limbs, pectorals girdle, pelvic girdle |
| Carpals | Wrist eight bones |
| Mtecarpals | Palm Five per hand |
| Phalanges | 14 phlanges in each hand in each finger three bones, in the thumb two bones |
| Tarsal | seven bones |
| Metatarsals | five bones form the sole of the foot |
| Phalanges | form 14 bones from the toes |
| Synarthroses | Immovable Joints |
| Amphiathroses | Slightly Moveable |
| Diathroses | Freely moveable Joints |
| Fibrous Joints | Generally immovable |
| Cartilaginous Joints | Immovable or slightly moveable |
| Synovial Joints | Freely moveable |
| Syndesmoses | Allows more movement than sutures but still immobile. |
| Gomphosis | Immobile |
| Synchrondrosis | don't move |
| Symphysis | Slightly Moveable |
| Synovial Joints | Articulating bones are seperated by a joint cavity |
| Synovial Fluid | Found in the joint cavity |
| Gouty Arthritis | Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of uric acid crystals from the blood |
Created by:
sheilak006
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