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Bio Ch. 15

question & termanswer & definition
evolution change in an organism over time
theory well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
fossils preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism
artificial selection humans select organisms to breed for useful traits
struggle for existence competition among members of a species for food, living space, etc.
fitness ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
adaptation inherited characteristic that increases organisms' chance of survival
survival of the fittest individual better suited to their environment survive and reproduce (natural selection)
natural selection individual better suited to their environment survive and reproduce (survival of the fittest)
descent with modification each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
common descent all living things were derived from common ancestors
homologous structures structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
vestigial organs organ that serves no useful function in an organism
inherited trait trait that you are born with
acquired trait trait that is learned
Darwin's Evidence of Evolution the fossil record, geographic distribution of living species, homologous body structures, embryonical development, DNA
What are the three fundamentally important life processes? reproduce, metabolize, adapt
natural variation differences among individuals of species
Lamarck naturalist who said individual passed on ACQUIRED traits to their offspring (incorrect)
Hutton geologist who realized geological processes operate extremely slowly
Lyell geologist who stated that the processes that shaped the earth a long time ago are the same now
Malthus economist who said if human population continued unchecked= insufficient food and living space
What was the name of the ship Darwin traveled on? H.M.S. Beagle
Darwin's two inferences: -characteristics of plants and animals on different islands had once been members of the same species -wondered if animals on different islands had once been members of the same species
Created by: m7a7d7
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